PROTEIN ENHANCED INACTIVATION OF VIRAL DNA BY UV RADIATION

Abstract Viral DNA was irradiated in the presence of proteins and assayed for loss of biological activity. Several proteins were found to enhance the inactivation of transfecting ability by UV radiation. The sensitization caused by a particular protein depends upon its amino acid composition. Experiments done at low molar ratios of protein to DNA indicate that a protein-induced lesion could be a highly efficient means of inactivation.     

Thermal degradation of chlorinated rubber: Evidence for an alternative cyclic structure for chlorinated rubber

The thermal degradation under vacuum or in nitrogen of commercial chlorinated rubber (ICI Alloprene, 64.5 wt.-% chlorine) was studied by isothermal thermogravimetry and by simultaneous TG/TVA with programmed heating by using a Cahn RG thermobalance built into a thermal volatilization analysis (TVA) system. Analysis of volatile products was performed by titration and by spectroscopic methods. The only major degradation product is hydrogen chloride; five-sevenths of the total available hydrogen chloride is lost with great ease, and complete dehydrochlorination is very much easier than in poly(vinylidene chloride). Conjugation develops early in the degradation, but the minor products methane, ethylene, and hydrogen are observed in the later stages of reaction. These features cannot be reconciled with the previously proposed cyclic structure for chlorinated rubber, and an alternative structure which accounts well for the degradation behavior is suggested.     

Exo- and endo-palladacycles derived from (4R)-phenyl-2-oxazolines

Two novel oxazoline-derived palladacycles bearing an endo- or exo-CN bond were prepared by direct ortho-palladation of (R)-2,4-diphenyl- or (R)-2-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxazolines, respectively. The structures of the palladacycles' dimeric forms and corresponding mononuclear PPh₃-derivatives were confirmed by IR, ¹H, ¹³C and 2D NMR spectroscopy. An X-ray diffraction study of the μ-chloro-dimeric cyclopalladated derivative of (R)-2,4-diphenyl-2-oxazoline proved the endo structure of the palladacycle.     

The relationship between thermal degradation and flammability

The relationship between flammability and thermal degradation is the consequence of the burning cycle needed to sustain fire. Thermal degradation behaviour of polymers is discussed in relation to generation of fuel and other products, including flame quenchers, and the production of char. The thermal degradation behaviour of the main classes of fire retardant is considered and illustrated by examples of the ways in which specific fire retardants exert their effect on a particular polymer.     

骨铅体内测量系统最佳测量位置的选择

^109Cd K XRF骨铅体内测量系统对体重指数大的对象测量所得的结果误差较大。测量时胫骨在探测器前的位置对测量结果误差的影响很大。采用模拟重指数大的被测对象的大体模,与原来的标准体模在探测器前不同距离时进行测量的对比分析表明,体重指数大的被测对象因其胫骨周围组织层较厚,造成康普顿计数大量增加。若胫骨与探测器的距离太近,仪器不能正常工作,致使X能谱图谱形畸变,得到不正确的结果。因此,在测量时,应保持胫骨在探测器前的距离为25mm,同时,应注意相干散射峰的峰位变化,保持仪器即时显示的死时间30%左右,以保证最后测量结果的精密度和准确度。     

Thermal degradation of blends of polystyrene and poly-4-methoxystyrene with bisphenol A polycarbonate

Blends of polystyrene (PS) and poly-4-methoxystyrene (PMeS) with bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) (1:1 by weight) have been studied using thermogravimetry (TG) and thermal volatilisation analysis (TVA). The condensable volatile products obtained in the TVA experiments were separated by subambient TVA and the less-volatile liquids were examined by GC-MS. The cold ring fraction of products was characterised by IR spectroscopy.

On degradation, both PS-PC and PMeS-PC blends show an interaction which is observed as a destabilisation. It is suggested that in the degrading blends, the PC component is destabilised as a result of transport of small radical species from the other polymer phase. These radicals may abstract hydrogen atoms, leading to an increase in backbone scission reactions and consequently a lower degradation temperature than when the polymer is degraded alone.     

The effect of zinc bromide on the thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate): Part 2—Reaction products,structural changes and degradation mechanism

Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and zinc bromide containing 11·25, 2 and 1 MMA chain units per ZnBr₂ molecule, respectively, have been studied under temperature-programmed and isothermal conditions. The products of degradation have been identified and quantitative measurements have been made of the production of MMA, methyl bromide and methanol. Structural changes in the partially degraded polymer have also been followed, and the residue at 500°C has been shown to consist of zinc oxide, zinc and carbon.A mechanism has been suggested which is consistent with all the experimental observations. At room temperature, ZnBr₂ forms a complex with PMMA. On heating, the most important process to occur at low temperatures (130–300°C) is the release of CH₃Br and the formation of zinc methacrylate chain units. An alternative reaction of the original complex—also yielding CH₃Br, and, in this case, producing, in addition, ZnO—leads to some anhydride rings in the polymer chain. Both of these new chain structures block the unzipping of PMMA to produce monomer. Methanol and CO are thought to result from the decomposition of single MMA units. At higher temperatures, the products are those expected from the decomposition of zinc polymethacrylate and the anhydride rings.     

Homogeneous Metrics with Nonnegative Curvature

Given compact Lie groups H⊂G, we study the space of G-invariant metrics on G/H with nonnegative sectional curvature. For an intermediate subgroup K between H and G, we derive conditions under which enlarging the Lie algebra of K maintains nonnegative curvature on G/H. Such an enlarging is possible if (K,H) is a symmetric pair, which yields many new examples of nonnegatively curved homogeneous metrics. We provide other examples of spaces G/H with unexpectedly large families of nonnegatively curved homogeneous metrics.     

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on closed-loop phase behavior of block copolymers

The effect of hydrostatic pressure (P) on closed-loop phase behavior of deuterated polystyrene-block-poly(n-pentyl methacrylate) copolymers [dPS-PnPMA] was investigated by using small-angle neutron scattering and birefringence. For P<20.7 bar, dPS-PnPMA exhibited a lower disorder-to-order transition temperature (T(LDOT)) at 175 degrees C, and then an upper order-to-disorder transition temperature (T(UODT)) at 255 degrees C. With increasing pressure both T(LDOT) and T(UODT) were markedly changed, where dT(LDOT)/dP was 725 degrees C/kbar and dT(UODT)/dP was -725 degrees C/kbar. These are consistent with predictions by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation using measured values of the volume and enthalpy changes of both transitions. The large pressure coefficients imply that the closed-loop phase behavior observed for PS-PnPMA is an entropic-driven phase transition.