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91.
Identification of inhibitory components toxic toward zymomonas mobilis CP4(pZB5) xylose fermentation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Thilini D. Ranatunga Judith Jervis Richard F. Helm James D. McMillan Christos Hatzis 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1997,67(3):185-198
Zymomonas mobilis CP4(pZB5) is a recombinant bacterium that can produce ethanol from both xylose and glucose. The ethanol-producing efficiency
of this organism is substantially impeded by toxic substances present in pretreated hydrolyzates or solid biomass substrates.
Acetic acid and furfural (a pentose degradation product) are highly toxic to this organism at levels envisioned for a pretreated-hardwood
liquid hydrolyzate. In addition, lignin degradation products and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (a hexose degradation product) have
a moderately toxic effect on the organism. Of the compounds studied, organic acids and aldehydes were found to be more inhibitory
than lignin acids or the one alkaloid studied. Acetone:water and methanol extracts of solid biomass samples from red oak,
white oak, and yellow poplar are toxic toZymomonas cell growth and ethanol production, with the extracts from white oak being the most toxic. 相似文献
92.
93.
J. A. Cookson J. W. McMillan T. B. Pierce 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1979,48(1-2):337-357
The nuclear microprobe is a spatially sensitive analytical instrument which exploits measurement of the particles or other
radiations emitted when specimens are irradiated with beams of energetic charged-particles, most often having energies lying
the range 0.5–4 MeV. Factors affecting the analytical and technical performance are discussed and examples given of application
of the instrument to the fields of nuclear science and metallurgy, biology and geology. 相似文献
94.
Lawford Hugh G. Rousseau Joyce D. Mohagheghi Ali McMillan James D. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1998,(1):353-367
The continuous cofermentation performance of xylose-fermentingZymomonas mobilis at 30°C and pH 5.5 was characterized using a pure-sugar feed solution that contained 8 g/L glucose and 40 g/L xylose. Successful
chemostat start up resulted in complete utilization of glucose and greater than 85% utilization of xylose, but was only reproducibly
achieved using initial dilution rates at or less than 0.04/h; once initiated, cofermentation could be maintained at dilution
rates of 0.04 to 0.10/h. Whereas xylose and cell-mass concentrations increased gradually with increasing dilution rate, ethanol
concentrations and ethanol yields on available sugars remained approximately constant at 20–22 g/L and 80–90% of theoretical,
respectively. Volumetric and specific ethanol productivities increased linearly with increasing dilution rate, rising from
approx 1.0 each (g/L/h or g/g/h) at a dilution rate of 0.04/h to approx 2.0 each (g/L/h or g/g/h) at a dilution rate of 0.10/h.
Similarly, specific sugar-utilization rates increased from approx 2.0 g/g/h at dilution rate 0.04/h to approx 3.5 g/g/h at
dilution rate of 0.10/h. The estimated values of 0.042 g/g for the maximum Z.mobilis cell-mass yield on substrate and 1.13 g/g/h for the minimum specific substrate utilization rate required for cellular maintenance
energy are within the range of values reported in the literature. Results are also presented which suggest that long-term
adaptation in continuous culture is a powerful technique for developing strains with higher tolerance to inhibitory hemicellulose
hydrolyzates. 相似文献
95.
Interactive decision software and computer graphics for architectural and space planning 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We describe the development and successful implementation of a decision support system now being used by several leading firms in the architecture and space planning industries. The system, which we call SPDS (spatialprogrammingdesignsystem) has the following characteristics: (i) user-friendly convenience features permitting architects and space planners to operate the system without being experienced programmers; (ii) interactive capabilities allowing the user to control and to manipulate relevant parameters, orchestrating conditions to which his or her intuition provides valuable input; (iii) informative and understandable graphics, providing visual displays of interconnections that the computer itself treats in a more abstract methematical form; (iv) convenient ways to change configurations, and to carry out what if analyses calling on the system's decision support capabilities; (v) a collection of new methods, invisible to the user, capable of generating good solutions to the mathematical programming problems that underlie each major design component. These new methods succeed in generating high quality solutions to a collection of complex discrete, highly nonlinear problems. While these problems could only be solved in hours, or not at all, with previously existing software, the new methods obtain answers in seconds to minutes on a minicomputer. Major users, including Dalton, Dalton, Newport, and Marshal Erdwin, report numerous advantages of the system over traditional architectural design methods. 相似文献
96.
97.
G.N. Greaves M.C. Wilding F. Kargl L. Hennet J.K.R. Weber Q. Vu Van P.F. McMillan 《Journal of Non》2011,357(2):435-441
By extending recent work on liquid-liquid transitions in supercooled yttria-alumina AYx liquids we draw attention to the compositional dependence of the structure factor of the high density liquid, arguing that this is sufficiently sensitive to discriminate between liquids at the level of a few %. Comparing structure factor differences between liquids of different compositions and in the same liquid AY20 between high and low temperatures straddling the transition at 1788 K between a high density liquid (HDL) and a low density liquid (LDL) enables compositional phase separation to be ruled out. It points instead to kinetic changes in polyhedral configurational order being the drivers for this polyamorphic transformation. Rotor behaviour observed in levitated liquid drops used in the high temperature experiments enables the reversibility of the LLT transition (LLT) and the associated changes in entropy and density to be identified. Evidence for critical-like behaviour in the structural relaxation time and in the fluctuation correlation length is presented. By re-examining recent work which failed to find the structural and thermal signatures for the LLT in liquid AY20 at 1788 K we present evidence for the LLT occurring instead in liquid AY15 at 1940 K, suggesting that the liquid-liquid transition temperature in AYx liquids decreases with increasing yttria content. 相似文献
98.
McMillan NJ McManus CE Harmon RS De Lucia FC Miziolek AW 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,385(2):263-271
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) is a chemically complex and highly compositionally variable gem-forming mineral found in a variety of geologic settings
worldwide. A methodology and analytical protocol were developed for the analysis of beryl by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
(LIBS) that minimizes the coefficient of variance for multiple analyses of the same specimen. The parameters considered were
laser energy/pulse, time delay and crystallographic orientation. Optimal analytical conditions are a laser energy/pulse of
102 mJ and a time delay of 2 μs. Beryl compositions measured parallel and perpendicular to the c axis were identical within
analytical error. LIBS analysis of 96 beryls from 16 countries (Afghanistan, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, India, Ireland,
Italy, Madagascar, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Norway, Russia, Tanzania and United States), Antarctica, and ten US states
(AZ, CA, CO, CT, ID, ME, NC, NH, NM and UT) were undertaken to determine whether or not LIBS analysis can be used to determine
the provenance of gem beryl. 相似文献
99.
Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
100.
Cecy R Xi Arianna Di Fazio Naveed Ahmed Nadvi Karishma Patel Michelle Sui Wen Xiang Hui Emma Zhang Chandrika Deshpande Jason K K Low Xiaonan Trixie Wang Yiqian Chen Christopher L D McMillan Ariel Isaacs Brenna Osborne Ana Júlia Vieira de Ribeiro Geoffrey W McCaughan Joel P Mackay W Bret Church Mark D Gorrell 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,25(22)
Proteases catalyse irreversible posttranslational modifications that often alter a biological function of the substrate. The protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a pharmacological target in type 2 diabetes therapy primarily because it inactivates glucagon-like protein-1. DPP4 also has roles in steatosis, insulin resistance, cancers and inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. In addition, DPP4 binds to the spike protein of the MERS virus, causing it to be the human cell surface receptor for that virus. DPP4 has been identified as a potential binding target of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, so this question requires experimental investigation. Understanding protein structure and function requires reliable protocols for production and purification. We developed such strategies for baculovirus generated soluble recombinant human DPP4 (residues 29–766) produced in insect cells. Purification used differential ammonium sulphate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, dye affinity chromatography in series with immobilised metal affinity chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. The binding affinities of DPP4 to the SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were measured using surface plasmon resonance and ELISA. This optimised DPP4 purification procedure yielded 1 to 1.8 mg of pure fully active soluble DPP4 protein per litre of insect cell culture with specific activity >30 U/mg, indicative of high purity. No specific binding between DPP4 and CoV-2 spike protein was detected by surface plasmon resonance or ELISA. In summary, a procedure for high purity high yield soluble human DPP4 was achieved and used to show that, unlike MERS, SARS-CoV-2 does not bind human DPP4. 相似文献