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151.
The crystal structures of the apatites Ba10(PO4)6F2(I), Ba6La2Na2(PO4)6F2(II) and Ba4Nd3Na3(PO4)6F2 (III) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All three compounds crystallize in a hexagonal apatite-like structure. The unit cells and space groups are: I, a = 10.153(2), c = 7.733(1)Å, Å, ; III, a = 9.786(2), c = 7.281(1)Å, . The structures were refined by normal full-matrix crystallographic least squares techniques. The final values of the refinement indicators Rw and R are: I, Rw = 0.026, R = 0.027, 613 observed reflections; II, Rw = 0.081, R = 0.074, 579 observed reflections; III, Rw = 0.062, R = 0.044, 1262 observed reflections.In I, the Ba(1) atoms located in columns on threefold axes, are coordinated to nine oxygen atoms; the Ba(2) sites form triangles about the F site and are coordinated to six oxygen atoms and one fluoride ion. The fluoride ions are statistically displaced ~0.25 Å from the Ba(2) triangles. This displacement of the F ions is analogous to the displacement of OH ion in Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2.The structures of II and III contain disordered cations. In II there is disorder between La and Na in the column cation sites as well as triangle sites. In III, Nd and Na ions are ordered in the column sites, but there is disorder among Ba and the remaining Nd and Na ions in the triangle sites to give an average site population of . The coordination of the rare earth ions and Na ions in the ordered column sites are nine and six oxygens, respectively, in accord with the greater charge of the rare earth ions as compared with Na. The F ions in both II and III suffer from considerable disorder in position, and their locations are not precisely known. 相似文献
152.
Schilling Carolin Zähres Manfred Mayer Christian Winterer Markus 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2014,16(7):1-15
Printed electronics, as an extension to conventional electronics, has grown considerably for decades. At this moment, therefore, tracing the development of this technology up to the present will provide researchers and R&D planners with better understanding of the technology’s evolving characteristics and insights for further R&D directions. This paper carries out two bibliographic analyses to study the technology development life cycle and the technological knowledge within the area of printed electronics. First, we fit a growth curve to yearly patent registration data, thereby calculating several indicators, including the current technological maturity ratio, the number of potential future patents and the expected remaining life. Second, we identify the core and brokering technology classes within the overall technology network of printed electronics by combining patent co-classification analysis and social network analysis. As a result, we could obtain some findings from the inventional point of view; the technological development of printed electronics has entered the maturity stage, and the expected remaining life was 8.5 years as of the beginning of 2013. In addition, we identified several technology areas that have the high importance to act as both core and brokering technologies, apparatus for metal working, anti-inductive structures, and electronic circuit control systems. 相似文献
153.
Ultrabroadband chirped mirrors for femtosecond lasers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report on the performance of widely tunable femtosecond and continuous-wave Ti:sapphire lasers that use a newly developed ultrabroadband mirror set. The mirrors exhibit high reflectivity (R > 99%) and smooth variation of group delay versus frequency over a wavelength range from 660 to 1060 nm. Mode-locked operation with pulse durations of 85 fs was achieved from 693 to 978 nm with only one set of ultrabroadband mirrors. 相似文献
154.
An explicit formula is derived for calculating the delocalization corrections (tails) to be added to the strictly localized bond orbitals. It was obtained by solving analytically the SCF problem for the interbond interactions in a linearized approximation. The model calculations at the CNDO/2 level show that this simple approach is sufficient to account for the molecular conformations. 相似文献
155.
156.
Shaofeng Zhang Yong-Seung Shin Richard Mayer Franco Basile 《Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis》2007,80(2):353-359
An on-probe pyrolyzer has been constructed and interfaced with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) for the rapid analysis of non-volatile pyrolysis products. The detection and analysis of non-volatile pyrolysis products of peptides, proteins and the synthetic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) were demonstrated with this instrument. The on-probe pyrolyzer can be operated off-line or on-line with the DESI source and was interfaced with a tandem MS (MS/MS) instrument, which allowed for structure characterization of the non-volatile pyrolytic products. Advantages of this system are its simplicity and speed of analysis since the pyrolysis is performed in situ on the DESI source probe and hence, it avoids extraction steps and/or the use of matrices (e.g., as in MALDI–MS analyses). 相似文献
157.
Gurfinkel M Thompson AB Ralston W Troy TL Moore AL Moore TA Gust JD Tatman D Reynolds JS Muggenburg B Nikula K Pandey R Mayer RH Hawrysz DJ Sevick-Muraca EM 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2000,72(1):94-102
We present in vivo fluorescent, near-infrared (NIR), reflectance images of indocyanine green (ICG) and carotene-conjugated 2-devinyl-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl) pyropheophorbide (HPPH-car) to discriminate spontaneous canine adenocarcinoma from normal mammary tissue. Following intravenous administration of 1.0 mg kg-1 ICG or 0.3 mg kg-1 HPPH-car into the canine, a 25 mW, 778 nm or 70 mW, 660 nm laser diode beam, expanded by a diverging lens to approximately 4 cm in diameter, illuminated the surface of the mammary tissue. Successfully propagating to the tissue surface, ICG or HPPH-car fluorescence generated from within the tissue was collected by an image-intensified, charge-coupled device camera fitted with an 830 or 710 nm bandpass interference filter. Upon collecting time-dependent fluorescence images at the tissue surface overlying both normal and diseased tissue volumes, and fitting these images to a pharmacokinetic model describing the uptake (wash-in) and release (wash-out) of fluorescent dye, the pharmacokinetics of fluorescent dye was spatially determined. Mapping the fluorescence intensity owing to ICG indicates that the dye acts as a blood pool or blood persistent agent, for the model parameters show no difference in the ICG uptake rates between normal and diseased tissue regions. The wash-out of ICG was delayed for up to 72 h after intravenous injection in tissue volumes associated with disease, because ICG fluorescence was still detected in the diseased tissue 72 h after injection. In contrast, HPPH-car pharmacokinetics illustrated active uptake into diseased tissues, perhaps owing to the overexpression of LDL receptors associated with the malignant cells. HPPH-car fluorescence was not discernable after 24 h. This work illustrates the ability to monitor the pharmacokinetic delivery of NIR fluorescent dyes within tissue volumes as great as 0.5-1 cm from the tissue surface in order to differentiate normal from diseased tissue volumes on the basis of parameters obtained from the pharmacokinetic models. 相似文献
158.
Guy Mayer 《Optics Communications》1976,16(3):317-319
A distribution of matter described by a continuous density function of spherical symmetry is shown to behave as a stigmatic lens whose focal length and aberrations are calculated. We suggest that a statistically spherical cluster of stars has similar optical properties. The close ray — particle (star) interactions are described as scattering losses for the collective lens effect due to the averaged long range interactions. 相似文献
159.
G. Beier J. Friese W. Henning P. Kienle H. J. Körner W. Wagner W. A. Mayer W. Mayer 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1990,336(2):217-222
Strongly damped collisions were studied in uranium induced reactions on110Pd and124Sn target nuclei near the barrier. The excitation-energy splitting was deduced from binary reaction yields and those in which the heavy fragment undergoes sequential fission. For systems with 87≦Z≦95 for the heavy fragment, the excitation energy is concentrated in the lighter nucleus, at best shared equally. The results indicate a non-equilibrated energy dissipation, and support nucleon exchange based on average single-particle strength functions as the underlying dissipation mechanism at the barrier. 相似文献
160.
Frank Ober Michael Mayer Helmut Büttner Fritz Ebert 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2002,19(4):229-239
The scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) is one of the best known instruments for measuring particle size distributions in the submicron range. The SMPS consists of two parts: an electrostatic aerosol classifier (differential mobility particle analyser, DMA), followed by a counting device, in general a condensation particle counter (CPC). Unfortunately, commercial measurement devices such as the TSI DMA Model 3071 and the TSI CPC Model 3022 (TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA), can be used only at nearly atmospheric pressure in the sampling line or in slight overpressure mode, but not in low‐pressure systems. A modification in the sampling line is shown which enhances the operating range of a standard SMPS system to low pressure. Samples taken under standard and low‐pressure conditions show good agreement in the measured particle size distributions and concentration. The behaviour observed in experimental studies agrees well with theoretical predictions. 相似文献