Invariant subrings of ℂ[X,Y,Z] which are complete intersections

It is known that for every finite subgroup G of SL(2,), the invariant subring [X,Y]^G is a hyper-surface. In this note we treat finite subgroups of SL(3,) and give complete classification of the finite subgroups of SL(3,) whose invariant subrings are complete intersections.     

Elimination of the concentration dependence in mass isotopomer abundance mass spectrometry of methyl palmitate using metastable atom bombardment

An important problem in mass isotopomer abundance mass spectrometry (MIAMS) is the dependence of measured mass isotopomer abundances on sample concentration. We have evaluated the role of ionization energy on mass isotopomer abundance ratios of methyl palmitate as a function of sample concentration. Ionization energy was varied using electron impact ionization (EI) and metastable atom bombardment (MAB). The latter generates a beam of metastable species capable of ionizing analyte molecules by Penning ionization. We observed that ionization of methyl palmitate by EI (70 eV) showed the greatest molecular ion fragmentation and also showed the greatest dependence of relative isotopomer abundance ratios on sample concentration. Ionization using the 3P2 and 3P0 states of metastable krypton (9.92 and 10.56 eV, respectively) resulted in almost no molecular ion fragmentation, and the isotopomer abundances quantified were essentially independent of sample concentration. Ionization using the 3P2 and 3P0 states of metastable argon (11.55 and 11.72 eV, respectively) showed molecular ion fragmentation intermediate between that of EI and MAB(Kr) and showed an isotopomer concentration dependence which was less severe than that observed with EI but more severe than that observed with MAB(Kr). The observed decrease in the dependence of isotopomer abundance on sample concentration with a decrease in molecular ion fragmentation is consistent with the hypothesis that proton transfer from a fragment cation to a neutral molecule is the gas phase reaction mechanism responsible for the concentration dependence. Alternative explanations, e.g., hydrogen abstraction from a neutral molecule to a molecular cation, is not supported by these results. Moreover, the MAB ionization technique shows potential for eliminating one source of error in MIAMS measurements of methyl palmitate, in particular, and of fatty acids methyl esters, in general.     

Some effects of protonation on the electronic structure of pyridine and cytosine

The effects of protonation on the charge distributions of pyridine and cytosine are investigated with the help of the Iterative Extended Hückel technique. The polarization of the -electrons is then included explicitly in a Pariser-Parr-Pople computation of the - ^* transition energies of the pyridinium and cytosinium ions.

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Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der IEH-Methode wird die Auswirkung der Protonierung auf die Ladungsverteilung bei Pyridin und Cytosin untersucht. Die Polarisierung der -Elektronen wird dann in eine PPP-Rechnung der - ^*-übergangsenergie beim Pyridinium- und Cytosiniumion übernommen.

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Résumé On étudie, à l'aide de la méthode de Hückel étendue iterative, les effets de la protonation sur la répartition des électrons dans les molécules de pyridine et de cytosine. On introduit ensuite explicitement la polarisation des électrons dans le calcul des énergies de transition - ^* des ions pyridinium et cytosinium par la méthode de Pariser, Parr et Pople.

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This work was supported by grant n GM-12229 of the U.S. Public Health Service (National Institute of General Medical Sciences).     

Long-range self-assembly of a polyunsaturated linear organosilane at the n-tetradecane/Au(111) interface studied by STM

We report on the formation of self-assembled monolayers of 13-(trimethylsilyl)-1-tridecene-6,12-diyne [C13H17-Si(CH3)3], an organosilane derivative with a linear polyunsaturated chain, on Au(111) substrates. Molecular resolution STM images recorded at the liquid-solid interface between gold and tetradecane reveal a long-range and densely packed hexagonal lattice with a ( radical3 x radical3)R30 degrees -like structure commensurate against gold adlattice.     

A practical synthesis of LFA-1 inhibitors utilizing CuCl-promoted intramolecular cyclization of thiohydantoins

An efficient and chromatography-free approach for synthesis of a new class of LFA-1 inhibitors was developed. A copper(I) chloride-promoted intramolecular cyclization of thiohydantoins 7a-b serves as a key step to highly functionalized bicyclic guanidines 5a-b, that were subsequently converted to 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazol-2-one LFA-1 inhibitors. This process has been successfully implemented in the pilot plant to produce multikilogram quantities of LFA-1 inhibitors such as 1a-b.     

FT-Raman and high-pressure infrared spectroscopic studies of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O) and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4)

The FT-Raman spectra and the pressure dependence of the infrared spectra of the hydrated and anhydrous forms of dicalcium phosphate, CaHPO₄ · 2H₂O and CaHPO₄, have been studied. The hydrated salt exhibits a phase transition at 21 kbar (1.0 kbar=0.1 Gpa) but no high pressure transition was observed for anhydrous dicalcium phosphate. The O–H stretching frequencies of the water molecules in CaHPO₄·2H₂O all showed negative pressure dependences and correlate with the OO distances. The PO–H stretch increased with increasing pressure, indicating a strong hydrogen bond. The frequencies associated with the phosphate ion showed a normal pressure dependence.     

Low‐Temperature Cationic Rearrangement in a Bulk Metal Oxide

Cationic rearrangement is a compelling strategy for producing desirable physical properties by atomic‐scale manipulation. However, activating ionic diffusion typically requires high temperature, and in some cases also high pressure in bulk oxide materials. Herein, we present the cationic rearrangement in bulk Mn₂FeMoO₆ at unparalleled low temperatures of 150–300 ^oC. The irreversible ionic motion at ambient pressure, as evidenced by real‐time powder synchrotron X‐ray and neutron diffraction, and second harmonic generation, leads to a transition from a Ni₃TeO₆–type to an ordered‐ilmenite structure, and dramatic changes of the electrical and magnetic properties. This work demonstrates a remarkable cationic rearrangement, with corresponding large changes in the physical properties in a bulk oxide at unprecedented low temperatures.     

Oxygen self-doping in hollandite-type vanadium oxyhydroxide nanorods

A nonaqueous liquid-phase route involving the reaction of vanadium oxychloride with benzyl alcohol leads to the formation of single-crystalline and semiconducting VO 1.52(OH) 0.77 nanorods with an ellipsoidal morphology, up to 500 nm in length and typically about 100 nm in diameter. Composition, structure, and morphology were thoroughly analyzed by neutron and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction as well as by different electron microscopy techniques (SEM, (HR)TEM, EDX, and SAED). The data obtained point to a hollandite-type structure which, unlike other vanadates, contains oxide ions in the channels along the c-axis, with hydrogen atoms attached to the edge-sharing oxygen atoms, forming OH groups. According to structural probes and magnetic measurements (1.94 mu B/V), the formal valence of vanadium is +3.81 (V (4+)/V (3+) atomic ratio approximately 4). The experimentally determined density of 3.53(5) g/cm (3) is in good agreement with the proposed structure and nonstoichiometry. The temperature-dependent DC electrical conductivity exhibits Arrhenius-type behavior with a band gap of 0.64 eV. The semiconducting behavior is interpreted in terms of electron hopping between vanadium cations of different valence states (small polaron model). Ab initio density-functional calculations with a local spin density approximation including orbital potential (LSDA + U with an effective U value of 4 eV) have been employed to extract the electronic structure. These calculations propose, on the one hand, that the electronic conductivity is based on electron hopping between neighboring V (3+) and V (4+) sites, and, on the other hand, that the oxide ions in the channels act as electron donors, increasing the fraction of V (3+) cations, and thus leading to self-doping. Experimental and simulated electron energy-loss spectroscopy data confirm both the presence of V (4+) and the validity of the density-of-states calculation. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate strongly frustrated antiferromagnetic interactions between the vanadium ions. A model involving the charge order of the V (3+) sites is proposed to account for the observed formation of the magnetic moment below 25 K.