An experimental and kinetic modeling study on the oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane

The modern catalytic or enzymatic advances allow the production of novel biofuel. Among them, 1,3-dioxolane can be produced from formaldehyde and ethylene glycol, both can be obtained from biomass. In this study, the oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane is studied at stoichiometric conditions. The ignition delay times of 1,3-dioxolane/O₂/inert mixtures were measured in a shock tube and in a rapid compression machine at pressures of 20 to 40 bar and temperatures ranging from 630 to 1300 K. The pressure profiles recorded in the rapid compression machine show a first stage of ignition enlightening the influence of the low temperature chemistry of combustion. Furthermore, mole fraction profiles of the stable intermediates produced during the oxidation of 1,3-dioxolane were measured in a jet-stirred reactor at 10 bar. Following these observations, a detailed kinetic model was developed with reaction rate coefficients and thermochemical data calculated by theoretical calculations or estimated by analogies to suitable molecules. In order to get an insight into the most important reaction pathways brute force sensitivity analysis and reaction pathway analysis were performed with the proposed model and discussed. It became clear that in the fuel-in-air case for the alkylhydroperoxide of 1,3-dioxolane the ring opening beta-scission pathway is favored against the further alkane-like second addition to molecular oxygen, which leads to a limited negative temperature coefficient.     

Homoleptic Zincate‐Promoted Room‐Temperature Halogen–Metal Exchange of Bromopyridines

Homoleptic lithium tri‐ and tetraalkyl zincates were reacted with a set of bromopyridines. Efficient and chemoselective bromine–metal exchanges were realized at room temperature with a substoichiometric amount of nBu₄ZnLi₂?TMEDA reagent (1/3 equiv; TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine). This reactivity contrasted with that of tBu₄ZnLi₂?TMEDA, which was inefficient below one equivalent. DFT calculations allowed us to rationalize the formation of N???Li stabilized polypyridyl zincates in the reaction. The one‐pot difunctionalization of dibromopyridines was also realized using the reagent stoichiometrically. The direct creation of C? Zn bonds in bromopyridines enabled us to perform efficient Negishi‐type cross‐couplings.     

Characterization at a local scale of a laser-shock peened aluminum alloy surface

The influence of a laser shock peening mechanical surface treatment on 2050-T8 aluminum alloy has been investigated, mostly using Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. Volta potential difference maps around Al(CuFeMn) precipitates were performed before and after laser-shock peening to determine the influence of laser treatment versus galvanic coupling near precipitates, and resulting pit initiations. It has been shown that laser shock peening either preserves or reduces precipitate-matrix Volta potentials gradients, which in this later case, and correlated to recent corrosion electrochemical investigations, could explain corrosion improvement obtained after laser-shock peening treatments of aluminum alloys. The influence of crystal orientation and plastic deformation, and more specifically the effect of laser-induced compressive residual stresses or work-hardening, on the Volta potential values and on the pitting corrosion behavior was also addressed.     

A photoswitchable strapped calix[4]pyrrole receptor: highly effective chloride binding and release

A stiff-stilbene strapped calix[4]pyrrole receptor can be reversibly switched by light between a strong chloride-binding Z-isomer and a very weakly binding E-isomer. The light-induced switching process is monitored by UV-Vis and ¹H NMR spectroscopy and chloride binding is studied in detail using both ¹H NMR and ITC titrations in DMSO and MeCN. In DMSO, at millimolar concentrations, switching from a fully bound to an almost fully unbound state can be triggered. Quantification of the binding constants in MeCN reveals an extraordinary 8000-fold affinity difference between the Z- and E-isomer. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis gives insight into the structure of the photogenerated E-isomer and the geometry of the chloride-bound receptors is optimized by DFT calculations. The highly effective control of binding affinity demonstrated in this work opens up new prospects for on demand binding and release in extractions and photocontrol of membrane transport processes, among other applications.

A reconfigurable calix[4]pyrrole receptor containing a stiff-stilbene strap can be switched by light between a strong and weak binding form, showing an 8000-fold affinity difference for chloride.     

Zur Trennung des Aethylalkohols

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐Dihydroindenofluorene Derivatives as Host Materials for Phosphorescent OLEDs

This work reports the first structure–properties relationship study of ortho [2,1‐c]‐, meta [1,2‐a]‐, and para [1,2‐b]dihydroindenofluorenes, highlighting the influence of bridge rigidification on the electronic properties. This study has made it possible to devise an extended π‐conjugated molecule with both a high triplet state energy level and excellent thermal and morphological stability. As a proof of concept, dihydroindenofluorenes were used as the host in sky‐blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) w ith high performance.