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121.
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Matti Jutila 《Arkiv f?r Matematik》1983,21(1-2):75-96
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Kopylovich MN Kukushkin VY Haukka M Fraústo da Silva JJ Pombeiro AJ 《Inorganic chemistry》2002,41(18):4798-4804
The hydrolysis of sterically hindered and unhindered alkyl nitriles, and also of benzyl and phenyl nitriles RCN (R = Me, CH(2)Cl, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, t-Bu, p-MeOC(6)H(4)CH(2), Ph), to carboxamides is catalyzed by a novel system of superior simplicity consisting of cheap, widely commercially available, and rather environmentally friendly compounds, that is, a ZnX(2)/ketoxime combination, but it does not proceed at all with either the zinc salt or the ketoxime taken alone. The nature of the anion X(-) in the zinc salt (X = NO(3), Cl, CF(3)SO(3)) or of the ketoxime (Me(2)C=NOH, C(4)H(8)C=NOH, C(5)H(10)C=NOH) does not affect strongly the catalytic properties of the system, but the best results were obtained so far with a Zn(NO(3))(2).6H(2)O/2-propanone oxime molar ratio of 1:4; turnover numbers are typically above ca. 100 but reach as high as 1000 for p-MeOC(6)H(4)CH(2)C(=O)NH(2). The previously unknown structures of the two carboxamide products n-BuC(=O)NH(2) and p-MeOC(6)H(4)CH(2)C(=O)NH(2) were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The complexes [ZnX(2)(R(2)C=NOH)(2)] (X = Cl, R(2) = 2Me, C(4)H(8), C(5)H(10); X = NO(3), R = C(4)H(8)), prepared by heating the appropriate zinc salts with 2 equiv of the ketoxime in acetone and characterized by C, H, N analyses, FAB-MS, (1)H and (13)C[(1)H] NMR spectroscopies, and also X-ray crystallography (for X = Cl, R(2) = 2Me; X = NO(3), R = C(4)H(8)), proved to be catalyst precursors in the conversions because the activity of these species is high only in the presence of 2 equiv of the ketoxime. 相似文献
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The effect of irradiation on the dielectric properties of nylon 66.6 and Mylar was studied. In the case of nylon the dielectric loss peak at 350 K measured with an annular frequency of 104 l/s disappeared due to irradiation and the peak at higher temperaturcs shifted to still higher temperatures. In Mylar the α-peak grew in magnitude, indicating an increase in amorphousness, while the β-peak decreased. A rough estimate for the decrease in the magnitude of the effective number of dipoles is presented. The irradiation was carried out up to fast neutron fluence of 3 × 1017 nvt and gamma dose of 1 × 109 rad. 相似文献
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A common usage for electroactive polymers (EAPs) is in different types of actuators, where advantage is taken of the deformation of the polymer due to an electric field. It turns out that time-dependent effects are present in these applications. One of these effects is the viscoelastic behavior of the polymer material. In view of the modeling and simulation of applications for EAP within a continuum mechanics setting, a phenomenological framework for an electro-viscoelastic material model is elaborated in this work. The different specific models are fitted to experimental data available in the literature. While the experimental data used for inherent electrostriction is restricted to small strains, a large strain setting is used for the model in order to account for possible applications where the polymers undergo large deformations, such as in pre-strained actuators. 相似文献
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Janne Raula Matti Lehtim?ki Maarit Karppinen Maxim Antopolsky Hua Jiang Antti Rahikkala Esko I. Kauppinen 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2012,14(7):1-14
In this article, we describe the synthesis of new and ion-selective nanofiltration (NF) membranes using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers and hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) as building blocks. These new nanofibrous composite (NFC) membranes consist of crosslinked hyperbranched PEI networks supported by PVDF nanofibrous scaffolds that are electrospun onto commercial PVDF microfiltration (MF) membranes. A major objective of our study was to fabricate positively charged NF membranes that can be operated at low pressure with high water flux and improved rejection for monovalent cations. To achieve this, we investigated the effects of crosslinker chemistry on membrane properties (morphology, composition, hydrophobicity, and zeta potential) and membrane performance (salt rejection and permeate flux) in aqueous solutions (2,000?mg/L) of four salts (NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, and MgSO4) at pH 4, 6, and 8. We found that an NFC?CPVDF membrane with a network of PEI macromolecules crosslinked with trimesoyl chloride has a high water flux (~30?L?m?2?h?1) and high rejections for MgCl2 (~88 %) and NaCl (~65 %) at pH 6 using a pressure of 7?bar. The overall results of our study suggest that PVDF nanofibers and hyperbranched PEI are promising building blocks for the fabrication of high performance NF membranes for water purification. 相似文献
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Frontispiece: Synthesis of Inorganic Structural Isomers By Diffusion‐Constrained Self‐Assembly of Designed Precursors: A Novel Type of Isomerism 下载免费PDF全文