粉粒体两相流的电容层析成象测量

粉粒体系统中的固相浓度分布的在线测量是十分困难的问题．电容层析成象技术是一种近年来发展起来的非侵入式快速浓度场测量技术．它不干扰流场，不受流动中颗粒浓度、加速度、不透明等因素的制约．本文讨论其测量原理、应用、近期进展、存在的主要问题及其解决的对策．     

ac Conductivity of mixed spinel NiAl0.7Cr0.7Fe0.6O4

ac Conductivity measurements are carried out across the metal to insulator transition in NiAl_0.7Cr_0.7Fe_0.6O₄. The low frequency data is analyzed using Summerfield scaling theory for hopping conductivity. The exponent of the scaling behavior has significantly different values in the conducting and insulating regimes. The hopping frequency and the zero frequency conductivity are found to increase with temperature, slowly in the metallic regime and rapidly in the insulating regime.     

Role of the geometry, restricted rotations and solvents on the computed 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hyperfine tensors

The nuclear hyperfine tensor (A) components of the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl neutral radical are computed using the UB1LYP hybrid density functional method. Solvent interactions via hydrogen bonding are found to play a crucial role in the position of the two phenyl rings relative to the picryl moiety. Under these conditions, the calculated isotropic hyperfine tensor components of the N 1 and N 2 hydrazyl backbone are within approximately 1.3 Gauss (G) of the experimental values determined by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy. Just as important are the effects of restricted rotations of the phenyl rings on these tensors. Rotational averaging using a Maxwell-Boltzmann type distribution improves the agreement between theory and experiment to less than 1.0 G. In addition, rotational averaging of the twelve isotropic proton coupling constants has also been performed. They come within 0.3 G of the experimental values. Thus, for the first time, all the nuclear hyperfine tensor components of this large class of molecules are accurately calculated without resorting to post Hartree-Fock techniques.     

A further insight into the mechanism of biosorption of metals, by examining chitin epr spectra

Experimental chitin-uranium-copper EPR spectra have been simulated by computer. The simulation suggests that the chitin-copper-uranium EPR spectra are primarily due to a chitin-copper interaction, with insignificant contribution from other paramagnetic species. The simulation suggests two possible complex configurations, both involving one ligand nitrogen atom.     

A simple model for a two-stage chemical reaction with diffusion

We analyse the evolution of a two-stage chemical reaction betweentwo neighbouring plumes of reactants. Under the assumption thatthe plumes are approximately Gaussian we derive a system ofordinary differential equations for the total amount, the centroidand the variance of each reactant. We compare the solution ofthese equations with full numerical simulation of the reaction.Excellent agreement is obtained, with solution of the near-Gaussianmodel requiring considerably less computational effort thanthe full simulations. Of key importance is the yield of thereaction, and we discuss this feature in particular.     

Gas-phase deprotonation of arylalkylamines. A collision-induced dissociation study

The collision-induced dissociation (CID) of deprotonated arylalkylamines of general formula R(1)C(6)H(4)CHR(2)CH(2)NR(3)(2) (where R(1) = H, OH, F or NO(2); R(2) = H or OH; R(3) = H or CH(3)) generated by negative chemical ionization with H(2)O and D(2)O as ionizing reagents, is discussed. The negative chemical ionization mass spectra show that, in the absence of a hydroxy group in the aromatic ring, deprotonation takes place at the benzylic position whereas the proton is lost from the OH group when present. The nitro compound forms only M(-.) ions. The CID spectra of the deprotonated molecules show that fragmentations are strongly dependent on the structural features of the molecules, namely the presence or absence of substituents in the aromatic ring or aliphatic chain. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A CUSUM test for detecting change in the transfer functions of open loop stochastic systems

A cumulative sum test for detecting change in the transfer function of open loop stochastic systems is proposed. The test is based on the logarithmic transformation of the “evolutionary gain-spectra” estimate. A design relation between the band width parameters of the evolutionary spectral density estimate and the average run length of the cumulative sum test is obtained. This cumulative sum technique has been applied to four simulated systems, one of which is completely time invariant and the other remaining three had change points at different time points.     

Steering in computational science: Mesoscale modelling and simulation

This paper outlines the benefits of computational steering for high performance computing applications. Lattice-Boltzmann mesoscale fluid simulations of binary and ternary amphiphilic fluids in two and three dimensions are used to illustrate the substantial improvements which computational steering offers in terms of resource efficiency and time to discover new physics. We discuss details of our current steering implementations and describe their future outlook with the advent of computational grids.