A new synthesis of aldehydes from acids via reduction of N-acyl saccharins using sodium dihydro bis-(2-methoxy-ethoxy) aluminate

Synthesis of certain aldehydes from the carboxylic acids has been carried by reduction of the corresponding N-acyl saccharins using SDA. The N-acyl saccharins are easily prepared by reaction of an acid with γ-saccharin chloride, which can be used for the next step of reduction without isolation and purification. This provides a convenient and one step synthesis of aldehydes by combining the two reactions, viz., preparation of the N-acyl compound and its reduction. The method has been successfully applied for the reduction of aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and a α,β-unsaturated acids to the corresponding aldehydes and the yields obtained are quite satisfactory.     

Determination of sulphanilamides with alkyl nitrites by a potentiometric method

A potentiometric titration with alkye nitrite solutions is described for the determination of various sulpha, drugs.     

Radiation effects in samarium-doped calcium fluoride

A study was conducted of the effects of gamma radiation on samarium (Sm)-doped calcium flouride (CaF₂) crystals. Optical absorption measurements indicate that many of the Sm³⁺ ions are converted to Sm²⁺ during irradiation. Heavy doses of 10⁶ rad also modify the trapping structures and enhance certain defects within the crystals. A comparison is provided between unirradiated and heavily irradiated CaF₂ crystals with three Sm concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 molar-percent. Thermoluminescence measurements indicate that the crystals with high Sm content provide less luminescence and that the activation energy is less than seen in the 0.01 molar-percent Sm crystals.     

A branch and search algorithm for a class of nonlinear knapsack problems

This paper discusses a class of nonlinear knapsack problems where the objective function is quadratic. The method is a branch and search procedure which includes an efficient algorithm to find the continuous (relaxed) solution and a reduction rule which computes tight lower and upper bounds on the integer variables.     

A note on minimal topological spaces

Let (X,τ) be a completely Hausdorff space. LetP be any topological property which is implied by complete regularity. Let (X,τ), be minimal-P. Then it has been shown that (X,τ), is completely regular and hence compact.