全文获取类型
收费全文 | 146849篇 |
免费 | 1460篇 |
国内免费 | 394篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 80211篇 |
晶体学 | 2387篇 |
力学 | 6063篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
数学 | 13566篇 |
物理学 | 46473篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1030篇 |
2020年 | 1181篇 |
2019年 | 1251篇 |
2018年 | 1638篇 |
2017年 | 1689篇 |
2016年 | 2542篇 |
2015年 | 1560篇 |
2014年 | 2350篇 |
2013年 | 6032篇 |
2012年 | 4844篇 |
2011年 | 5937篇 |
2010年 | 4180篇 |
2009年 | 4207篇 |
2008年 | 5727篇 |
2007年 | 5515篇 |
2006年 | 5380篇 |
2005年 | 4946篇 |
2004年 | 4449篇 |
2003年 | 4119篇 |
2002年 | 4008篇 |
2001年 | 5544篇 |
2000年 | 3971篇 |
1999年 | 3072篇 |
1998年 | 2109篇 |
1997年 | 2207篇 |
1996年 | 2069篇 |
1995年 | 1915篇 |
1994年 | 1912篇 |
1993年 | 1725篇 |
1992年 | 2214篇 |
1991年 | 2299篇 |
1990年 | 2135篇 |
1989年 | 2102篇 |
1988年 | 2077篇 |
1987年 | 2085篇 |
1986年 | 1909篇 |
1985年 | 2374篇 |
1984年 | 2395篇 |
1983年 | 1910篇 |
1982年 | 1914篇 |
1981年 | 1751篇 |
1980年 | 1737篇 |
1979年 | 2026篇 |
1978年 | 2100篇 |
1977年 | 2046篇 |
1976年 | 1975篇 |
1975年 | 1859篇 |
1974年 | 1842篇 |
1973年 | 1874篇 |
1972年 | 1235篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
971.
Babakhanyan A. V. Ovsepyan V. S. Kocharyan S. T. Panosyan G. A. 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2003,39(6):814-819
In products of Stevens 3,2-rearrangement of ammonium salts containing alongside alkoxycarbon- ylmethyl also 3-phenyl-2-propynyl group an intramolecular 1,5-hydride shift is observed resulting in immonium salts which transform into aminoesters of enamine structure. The hydrolysis of the latter provides the lower aliphatic aldehydes and the corresponding aminoesters. An acid treatment of the reaction mixture affords a mixture of hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated esters of α-ketoacids originating from the mixture of 1,3-diene aminoesters. At treating with concn. HCl of the obtained mixture the nonhydrogeneted ketoester undergoes cyclization into 4-methyl-3-phenyl-2-buten-1,4-olide. 相似文献
972.
The features of anthracite oxidation as influenced by temperature and time were determined. Physicochemical and sorption characteristics of the resulting cation exchanger were studied. 相似文献
973.
In this paper, the authors obtain sharp upper and lower hounds for the heat kernel associated with Jacobi transform, and get some analogues of Hardy‘s Theorem for Jacobi transform by using the sharp estimate of the heat kernel. 相似文献
974.
Muhammad Faisal Nobuaki Sato Armando T. Quitain Hiroyuki Daimon Koichi Fujie 《国际化学动力学杂志》2007,39(3):175-180
The kinetics and pathway of hydrothermal decomposition of aspartic acid were studied using a continuous‐flow tubular reactor. The reaction was carried out in the temperature range of 200–260°C and at a pressure of 20 MPa. Deamination was the primary reaction, indicated by the presence of significant amount of ammonia, fumaric acid, or maleic acid in the products. Other reaction products were pyruvic acid, malic acid, and traces of succinic and lactic acid. Traces of alanine were also detected, showing the possibility of decomposing high‐molecular weight amino acids to obtain simple amino acids such as glycine or alanine. Results on the effect of reaction parameters demonstrated that decomposition of aspartic acid is highly temperature dependent under hydrothermal conditions. For a slight temperature difference of 60°C (from 200 to 260°C), the first‐order reaction rate constants of 0.003 significantly increased to 0.231 s?1. The activation energy was 144 kJ/mol, as calculated by the Arrhenius equation. No significant effect was exhibited by other reaction parameters such as pH and pressure. The results are useful in controlling the hydrolysis of proteinaceous materials toward high yield of aspartic acid under hydrothermal conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 175–180, 2007 相似文献
975.
In this paper we describe the experimental analysis of a novel ion-exchange polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator under
large external voltage. The experimental analysis is supplemented with a coupled thermodynamic model, which includes mass
transport across the thickness of the polymer actuator, chemical reactions at boundaries, and deformation as a function of
the solvent (water) distribution. In this paper, the case of large electrode potentials (over 1.2 V) has been analyzed experimentally
and theoretically. At these voltage levels, electrochemical reactions take place at both electrodes. These are used in the
framework of overpotential theory to develop boundary conditions for the water transport in the bulk of polymer. The model
is then simplified to a three-component system comprised of a fixed negatively charged polymeric matrix, protons, and free
water molecules within the polymer matrix. Among these species, water molecules are considered to be the dominant species
responsible for the deformation of the IPMC actuators. Experiments conducted at different initial water contents are described
and discussed in the context of the proposed deformation mechanism. Comparison of numerical simulations with experimental
data shows good agreement. 相似文献
976.
H. Niino X. Ding R. Kurosaki A. Narazaki T. Sato Y. Kawaguchi 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2004,79(4-6):827-828
Laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) of silica glass plates was performed to fabricate an imprinting template for hot embossing in polymer substrates such as polystyrene and silicone resin. Well-defined inverse surface-micropatterns of gratings and grid arrays on the substrates were produced by the hot embossing using a surface-structured silica glass as the template. These results indicate that the LIBWE method allows us to generate robust glass molding tools that exhibit the inverse shapes of the intended microstructures. PACS 52.38.Mf; 68.47.Mn; 81.05.Kf; 81.05.Lg; 83.50.Uv 相似文献
977.
978.
979.
980.
Y. H. Zhang X. H. Zhou Q. Z. Zhao X. F. Sun X. G. Lei Y. X. Guo Z. Liu X. F. Chen Y. T. Zhu S. X. Wen G. J. Yuan X. A. Liu 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1996,355(1):335-336
High spin states of the odd-odd162Lu nucleus have been studied via147Sm(19F,4nγ)162Lu reaction at 95 MeV beam energy. Level scheme for yrast band based onπ[h11/2 v[i13/2] quasiparticle configuration was established up to I π = (23?) for the first time. This band shows the signature inversion in energy before backbending generally appeared in this mass region. It is stressed that the signature splitting in162Lu is larger than that in the160Tm nucleus. 相似文献