Synthesis of β‐1,4‐Linked Galactan Side‐Chains of Rhamnogalacturonan I

The synthesis of linear‐ and (1→6)‐branched β‐(1→4)‐d ‐galactans, side‐chains of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I is described. The strategy relies on iterative couplings of n‐pentenyl disaccharides followed by a late stage glycosylation of a common hexasaccharide core. Reaction with a covalent linker and immobilization on N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)‐modified glass surfaces allows the generation of carbohydrate microarrays. The glycan arrays enable the study of protein–carbohydrate interactions in a high‐throughput fashion, demonstrated herein with binding studies of mAbs and a CBM.     

Austauschreaktionen an komplexgebundenen liganden von elementen der IV. hauptgruppe : I. Darstellung und eigenschaften von cyclopentadienyldicarbonyl-alkoxysilyl-eisen-komplexen

The reaction of CpFe(CO)₂SiCl₃ with alcohols yields a partial Cl-OR exchange. By completing the reaction with stoichiometric quantities of the corresponding alcoholate the pure compounds CpFe(CO)₂Si(OR)₃ (R = CH₃, C₂H₅, n-C₃H₇, i-C₃H₇, t-C₄H₉) can be prepared. Excess of alcoholate splits the FeSi bond yielding the [CpFe(CO)₂]^-ion. The compounds are characterised by IR and mass spectra.     

Neue Komplexe des Titans mit Bis(trimethylsilyl)amido-Liganden

New Complexes of Titanium with Bis(trimethylsilyl)amido Ligands The reaction of cp′TiCl₃ with LiN(SiMe₃)₂ · Et₂O 1 yield the compounds cp′TiCl₂N(SiMe₃)₂ (cp′ = C₅H₅ 2 , C₅H₄SiMe₃ 3 , C₅H₃(SiMe₃)₂ 4 , C₅Me₅ 5 ) and cp′TiCl[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂ (cp′ = C₅H₅ 6 ). Compound 2 was characterized by an X-ray structural analysis with space group P2₁/n and unit cell dimensions of a = 1 660.9(7), b = 688.6(3), c = 1 739.1(8) pm and β = 117.18(3)°.     

Structural properties of size-selected FeCo nanoparticles deposited on W(110)

Size-selected iron and iron–cobalt alloy clusters have been studied with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The clusters were produced by a continuously working arc cluster ion source and subsequently size-selected by an electrostatic quadrupole deflector. The crystalline structure of pure clusters has been investigated with HRTEM to ensure a reliable determination of the lattice parameter for the alloy clusters. The composition of the alloy clusters was checked with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The height of the deposited FeCo clusters on the (110) surface of tungsten was determined via STM. These results were compared with the lateral size distribution being investigated by TEM and allow a conclusion on the shape of the deposited alloy clusters. Furthermore, the behavior of the alloy clusters on the W(110) surface at elevated temperatures has been examined, at which the clusters show anisotropic spreading.     

Free‐electron laser multiplex driven by a superconducting linear accelerator

Free‐electron lasers (FELs) generate femtosecond XUV and X‐ray pulses at peak powers in the gigawatt range. The FEL user facility FLASH at DESY (Hamburg, Germany) is driven by a superconducting linear accelerator with up to 8000 pulses per second. Since 2014, two parallel undulator beamlines, FLASH1 and FLASH2, have been in operation. In addition to the main undulator, the FLASH1 beamline is equipped with an undulator section, sFLASH, dedicated to research and development of fully coherent extreme ultraviolet photon pulses using external seed lasers. In this contribution, the first simultaneous lasing of the three FELs at 13.4 nm, 20 nm and 38.8 nm is presented.     

Synthesis and characterization of the Aurivillius phases Bi2 − xPbxSr1 − xNdxNb2O9

The n = 2 Aurivillius phase Bi_{2 − x}Pb_xSr_{1 − x}Nd₂O₉ was successfully synthesized as a ceramic material over the whole range of simultaneous, charge compensated substitution x = 0–1.0. Structural investigations were performed by Rietveld refinement applying different space groups Fmmm and A2₁am, and additionally by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) on the Nd L_III-edge, confirming the accommodation of Nd on the atomic sites of Sr, which implies the substitution of Bi³⁺ by the isoelectronic Pb²⁺. The ferroelectric transition temperature T_c = 270 °C of the substituted powders with x = 0.4 and 1.0 is distinctly reduced compared to the unsubstituted sample with T_c = 450 °C. In temperature resolved powder X-ray diffraction patterns no structural phase transition could be detected.     

The strong closure of $\sigma$-complete Boolean algebras of projections

A result of T. A. Gillespie implies that the strong operator closure of any abstractly s\sigma -complete Boolean algebra of projections in a Banach space X which does not contain a copy of c₀ is Bade complete. It is shown that the same conclusion is valid for another (extensive) class of Banach spaces X, namely those which are weakly compactly generated. As a consequence, it follows that a Boolean algebra of projections in a separable Banach space is abstractly s\sigma -complete iff it is abstractly complete. It is also shown that a Banach space X has the property that the strong closure of every abstractly complete Boolean algebra of projections in X is Bade complete iff X does not contain a copy of l^￥\ell ^\infty \!.     

On the Convergence of a Non-incremental Homogenization Method for Nonlinear Elastic Composite Materials

In order to simulate the nonlinear behaviour of elastomer composite materials, we use a homogenization technique which induces nonlinear problems. This paper presents a non-incremental solving method which allows the reduction of computational costs. In this paper the equivalence between the proposed solving method and a Newton-type method is proved, which allows us to prove the convergence under realistic assumptions. Numerical results on a composite illustrate the performances of this method.     

An unusual (10,3)-a racemic twofold interpenetrating network assembled from isolable tris(cyclopentadienyl)manganate and cesocene building blocks

The syntheses and X-ray crystal structures of [([18]crown-6)2Cs](+)-[Cp3Mn]- (1), [([18]crown-6)2Cs](+)-[Cp'3Mn]- (2), [CsCp'] (3), [(CsCp')2-([18]crown-6)] (4), and Cs[MnCp3] (5), and the synthesis of Cs[MnCp'3] (6) are reported (Cp' = C5H4Me). The anions [Cp3Mn]- (1-) and [Cp'3Mn]- (2-) are characterized by eta 2 coordination of all three Cp or Cp' rings. Measurements of the magnetic susceptibilities chi M resulted in values of mu eff = 6.20 microB (300 K), mu eff = 6.33 microB (301 K), and mu eff = 5.83 microB (300 K) for 1, 2, and 5, respectively, which are indicative of high-spin d5-Mn2+ centers. Density functional calculations illustrate that the coordination mode of 1- is characteristic for its sextet electronic ground state. Compound 3 forms infinite chains of cesocene-type sandwiches in the solid state, which are broken up into small subunits by the addition of crown ether to form 4. Compound 5 is a rare example of a (10,3)-a racemic interpenetrating network that crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca.     

Temoporfin (Foscan®, 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin)--a second-generation photosensitizer

This review traces the development and study of the second-generation photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin through to its acceptance and clinical use in modern photodynamic (cancer) therapy. The literature has been covered up to early 2011.