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排序方式: 共有392条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
This study deals with O2− generation in corona discharge (CD) in point to plane geometry for single flow ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) with gas outlet located behind the ionization source. We have designed CD of special geometry in order to achieve the high O2− yield. Using this ion source we have achieved in zero air conditions that up to 74% all negative ions were O2− or O2−(H2O). It has been demonstrated that the non-electronegative nitrogen positively influences the efficiency of O2− generation in O2/N2 mixtures. The reduced ion mobility of 2.27 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been measured for O2−/O2−(H2O) ions in zero air. Additional ions detected in zero air (less than 200 ppb CO2) using the mass spectrometric and IMS technique were, NO2−, N2O2− (2.37 cm2 V−1 s−1), NO3−, N2O3− and N2O3−(H2O). The CO3− and CO4− ions have been detected after the introduction of 5 ppm CO2 into zero air. 相似文献
42.
Matějíček D 《Journal of chromatography. A》2011,1218(16):2292-2300
The development of an on-line system for the simultaneous determination of α-estradiol, β-estradiol, estrone and 17α-ethynylestradiol in river sediments is described. The analytes were extracted from sediments by microwave-assisted extraction. A crude extract was directly analysed by a heart-cutting two dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure photoionization source operating in the positive mode. The method shows excellent performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. The accuracy of each estrogen was in the range of 98.8-107.1%. Intra-batch and inter-batch precisions were in the range of 6.2-7.0% and 8.3-9.5%, respectively. The limits of detection ranged from 90 to 250 pg g(-1). A significant reduction in the total analysis time and a reduction in sample manipulation are the main advantages of the proposed method. Finally, the method was applied on real sediment samples. 相似文献
43.
Matías Toril Volker Wille Iñigo Molina-Fernández Chris Walshaw 《Journal of Heuristics》2011,17(5):615-635
In mobile network design, the problem of assigning network elements to controllers when defining network structure can be
modeled as a graph partitioning problem. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of a sophisticated graph partitioning algorithm
for grouping base stations into packet control units in a mobile network is presented. The proposed algorithm combines multi-level
and adaptive multi-start schemes to obtain high quality solutions efficiently. Performance assessment is carried out on a
set of problem instances built from measurements in a live network. Overall results confirm that the proposed algorithm finds
solutions better than those obtained by the classical multi-level approaches and much faster than classical multi-start approaches.
The analysis of the optimization surface shows that the best local minima values follow a Gumbel distribution, which justifies
the stagnation of naive multi-start approaches after a few attempts. Likewise, the analysis shows that the best local minima
share strong similarities, which is the reason for the superiority of adaptive multi-start approaches. Finally, a sensitivity
analysis shows the best internal parameter settings in the algorithm. 相似文献
44.
A reliable procedure for the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) determination of gold and silver in waters at trace level is described. The method is based on prior separation and preconcentration of the metals using a chelating sorbent SPHERON® Thiol 1000 after acidification of water samples (pH < 3) with nitric acid. Optimization of analytical variables during enrichment and ETAAS determination of the metals are discussed. The accuracy of the method is verified by analysis of certified reference materials. The limits of determinations based on 10 σ definition were 0.005 ng cm?3 for Au and 0.02 ng cm?3 for Ag. Precision of studied elements determination expressed by relative standard deviation varied in the range from 2.9 % to 16.4 %. 相似文献
45.
A global action is the algebraic analogue of a topological manifold. This construction was introduced in first place by A.
Bak as a combinatorial approach to K-Theory and the concept was later generalized by Bak, Brown, Minian and Porter to the
notion of groupoid atlas. In this paper we define and investigate homotopy invariants of global actions and groupoid atlases,
such as the strong fundamental groupoid, the weak and strong nerves, classifying spaces and homology groups. We relate all
these new invariants to classical constructions in topological spaces, simplicial complexes and simplicial sets. This way
we obtain new combinatorial formulations of classical and non classical results in terms of groupoid atlases.
相似文献
46.
Marian Matłoka 《Fuzzy Sets and Systems》1985,15(3):255-262
In this paper a Fixed-Point Theorem and an application is presented. 相似文献
47.
In this paper new topological concepts connected with fuzzy multi-valued functions theory-as presented in the first part of this work-are introduced and their properties are investigated. As will be shown in future papers these concepts and properties are indispensable in connection with the analysis of fuzzy economic systems. 相似文献
48.
A high yield 2,4,5,8-tetrahydro-1,3-diox-5-azocine synthesis, which employs a sequence of cycloaddition and photoinduced rearrangement has been developed. 相似文献
49.
Awang K Mukhtar MR Hadi AH Litaudon M Latip J Abdullah NR 《Natural product research》2006,20(6):567-572
The alkaloidal extract of the leaves of Phoebe grandis (nees) merr. have provided two new minor alkaloids; phoebegrandine D (1), a proaporphine-tryptamine dimer, and phoebegrandine E (2), an indoloquinolizidine. This is the first report on the occurrence of an indoloquinolizidine in the Phoebe species. The crude extract also exhibited antiplasmodial activity (IC50<8 microg mL-1). The structures of the novel compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, notably 2D NMR and HRMS. 相似文献
50.
Reina M González-Coloma A Domínguez-Díaz D Cabrera R Giménez Mariño C Rodríguez ML Villarroel L 《Natural product research》2006,20(1):13-19
A new bioactive eremophilanolide, 1alpha-tigloyloxy-8betaH,10betaH-eremophil-7(11)-en-8alpha,12-olide, was isolated from Senecio poepigii and its structure was elucidated by spectral analysis. 1alpha-Angeloyloxy-8beta-methoxy-10betaH-eremophil-7(11)-en-8alpha,12-olide was also isolated. Antifungal and insect antifeedant properties were evaluated. 相似文献