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991.
Nishio Keishi Okubo Koji Watanabe Yuichi Tsuchiya Toshio 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2000,19(1-3):187-191
Organic-inorganic hybrid lithium ion conductors were prepared by the sol-gel process. The hybrid ion conductor will be used as the electrolyte for Li based high-energy density batteries. The hybrid ion conductor was prepared from a mixture of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) and water. A wet gel was prepared at room temperature. The gels dried at 80°C under vacuum did not contain water. The dried hybrid ion conductor gel had homogeneity and high transparency. Ionic conductivity of the hybrid sample was measured by the complex impedance method and it increased with increasing PEG200 content. The dried hybrid gel that contained no LiClO4 did not show ion conduction. Conductivity on the order of 10–5 S·cm–1 at room temperature was obtained. Structural characterization was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) and NMR measurement of 13C and 1H, and the thermal stability and glass transition properties were studied by DSC. Glass transition temperature decreased with increasing PEG200 content and increased with increasing [Li]/[O] ratio (the oxygen considered is from the polyethylene glycol). Existence of the Si–O–(C2H4O)
n
–bond and the C–OH bond in the framework of the organic and inorganic phases was confirmed. TMOS and PEG200 were hydrolyzed and condensed. The organic and inorganic phases were chemically bonded and the microstructure of the hybrid matrix was shaped as comb. The comb shape leads to high ionic conduction. 相似文献
992.
Summary: The influence of the Laplace pressure in polymer emulsion particles during aqueous heterogeneous free radical polymerization on the polymerization kinetics has been investigated. Calculations were carried out based on experimentally reported pressure dependences of propagation and termination rate coefficients. The results suggest that in most cases the effects are not likely to be significant, although under conditions of very small particles (diameter <20 nm) and high interfacial tensions effects of the order of a few percent on propagation (increase in rate) and termination (decrease in rate) were predicted.
993.
Mitsuo Tsukiji Hiroyuki Kowa Kanae Muraki Norihiro Umeda Kenji Imoto Masayoshi Kanasaki Komei Tahara Katsunori Morii Yoshiro Tajitsu 《Macromolecular Symposia》2006,242(1):235-240
We produced a new system for measuring the small photoelastic constant of a polymer thin film with a small birefringence. Using our mesurement system, we evaluated the photoelastic constant of a polymer film in real time by quantitative analysis. Photoelastic constants of 11.30 × 10−12 Pa−1 for a cellulose triacetate film and 78.38 × 10−12 Pa−1 for a polycarbonate film were obtained. Furthermore, we obtained a small photoelastic constant of 0.12 × 10−12 Pa−1 for a cycloolefin film for liquid crystal displays, using our new measurement system. This value is very small. We emphasize that, if a small change in retardation and stress cannot be detected simultaneously using our system, then we cannot obtain such a small photoelastic constant. 相似文献
994.
995.
M. Okubo E. Ise T. Yamashita 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1998,36(14):2513-2519
For the purpose of extending the size range of polymer seed particles used in “dynamic swelling method” (DSM), first it was verified theoretically that the submicron-sized polymer particles produced by emulsion polymerization can also absorb a large amount of monomer by DSM in both equilibrium and kinetic control states. Next, on the basis of the theoretical results, experimentally about 2.6 μm-sized styrene-swollen polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared utilizing DSM in the presence of 0.64 μm-sized monodispersed PS seed particles produced by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. Moreover, 2.5 μm-sized monodispersed PS particles were produced by the addition of cupric chloride as a water-soluble inhibitor to depress the by-production of submicron-sized PS particles in the seeded polymerization at 30°C with 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) initiator. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2513–2519, 1998 相似文献
996.
997.
Tabata Masayoshi Sone Takeyuki Mawatari Yasuteru Yonemoto Daigo Miyasaka Atsushi Fukushima Takashi Sadahiro Yoshikazu 《Macromolecular Symposia》2003,192(1):75-98
Highly stereospecific polymerization of monosubstituted acetylenes was carried out using the Rh complex, [Rh(norbornadiene)Cl]2 catalysts. The resulting polyacetylenes were characterized in detail by 1HNMR, ESR, laser Raman, diffuse reflective UV, and wide angle X-ray diffraction methods. The data showed that the Rh complex were the preferred catalyst to selectively yield the corresponding cis-transoid polymers even at room temperature when alcohol, triethylamine or water was used as the polymerization solvent. Additionally, the resulting cis polyacetylenes were found to have a helical form whose polymer is amorphous or composed of pseudohexagonal structures called π-conjugated columnar as self-assembly or super structure. Further compression of the amorphous cis polymers resulted in cis to trans isomerization at room temperature under vacuum, breaking rotationally the cis C=C bonds giving π-radicals called solitons as the origin of a polymer magnet. On the other hand, the π-conjugated columnar was also found to show an extremely longer wavelength absorption compared with that of the amorphous one, although the absorption maximum was shifted to a shorter wavelength when the columnar was destroyed by the compression. Therefore, the formation of the π-conjugated columnar can be considered as a new and quite useful control method concerning color of such conjugated polymers, i.e., a new concept concerning the color of conjugated polymers. 相似文献
998.
999.
Masayoshi Okubo Tomoaki Nakagawa Tsuyoshi Yamashita Morio Tsuji 《Macromolecular Symposia》1995,92(1):83-95
Three kinds of micron-sized monodispersed polystyrene (PS)/ poly(styrene - divinylbenzene) composite particles were produced by two kinds of seeded copolymerizations of styrene (S) and divinylbenzene (DVB) (PS seed/ (S+DVB)=2/1, wt. ratio; S/DVB=1/1, molar ratio) in the presence of about 2 μm-sized monodispersed PS particles, and their morphologies were examined. One was produced by a seeded dispersion copolymerization where almost monomers and initiators exist in an ethanol/water (12.6/4.0, w/w) medium. The others two were produced by seeded copolymerizations with the dynamic swelling method where almost monomers exist in the monomer-swollen particles using 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile in monomer-swollen PS seed particles or using 4, 4'-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) in an ethanol/water (7/43, w/w) medium. In the former polymerization, the produced composite particles had a high dense crosslinked shell, whereas in the latter two polymerizations, they did the comparatively homogeneous crosslinked structures. 相似文献
1000.
Kinetic analyses were made for the seed polymerization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of colloidal silica
sphere seeds by turbidity and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the spheres
formed was also used. TEOS is polymerized exclusively on the surfaces of the seed spheres, their sizes ranging from 29 to
184 nm in diameter. The sphere size versus time and the cube root of the absorbance versus time from DLS and turbidity measurements
agree well, especially in the beginning of the reaction. The seed polymerization starts immediately on the addition of seed
spheres, though the polymerization in the absence of the seeds proceeds after a certain induction time ranging several tens
of seconds to several minutes. The polymerization rates of the reaction increase when the size and/or the concentration of
the seed spheres increases. The thickness of the TEOS layers formed on the seed surfaces increases as the seed size increases;
this is confirmed by the TEM pictures. These results are consistent with the polymerization mechanism of the formation of
small preliminary particles followed by their coalescence on the surfaces of seeds to the final large spheres coated with
silica layers.
Received: 25 January 2001 Accepted: 30 May 2001 相似文献