In-situ investigations of the photocatalytic reaction of no with propane on the vanadium silicalite-1 catalyst

The in-situ characterization of the vanadium silicalite-1 catalyst (VS-1) by means of photoluminescence, ESR and XAFS investigative techniques revealed that this catalyst includes highly dispersed V-O moieties having a tetrahedral coordination in C_3v symmetry with one short V=O bond (1.63Å) and three long V-O bonds (1.73Å). The photocatalytic decomposition reaction of NO into N₂ was found to proceed much more efficiently in the presence of propane than without. A dynamic quenching study of the photoluminescence spectrum of the VS-1 catalyst by the addition of NO and propane indicates that the excited state of the V-O moieties plays a significant role in this photocatalytic reaction.     

A benzene‐rich pseudopolymorph of bis[μ‐1,3‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)propane‐1,3‐dionato]‐κ3O,O′:O′;κ3O:O,O′‐bis{aqua[1,3‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)propane‐1,3‐dionato‐κ2O,O′]nickel(II)} benzene tetrasolvate

The title complex comprises two Ni²⁺ ions, four fluorinated ligands and two water molecules in a centrosymmetric dinuclear complex. This compound was crystallized from benzene–CH₂Cl₂, and two types of crystals, viz. the title benzene tetrasolvate, [Ni₂(C₁₅HF₁₀O₂)₄(H₂O)₂]·4C₆H₆, (I), and the previously reported benzene disolvate, [Ni₂(C₁₅HF₁₀O₂)₄(H₂O)₂]·2C₆H₆, (II) [Hori et al. (2009). Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 82 , 96–98], were obtained as pseudopolymorphs. In the crystal structure of (I), the four benzene solvent molecules interact closely with all the pentafluorophenyl groups of the complex through arene–perfluoroarene interactions. The molecular structures of the two compounds show essentially the same conformation, although the benzene molecules are accommodated in a columnar packing in (I), while they are isolated from each other in (II).     

Exciton polariton in an organic–inorganic multiple-quantum-well crystal (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4

Exciton polariton in an organic–inorganic multiple-quantum-well (MQW) single crystal (C₄H₉NH₃)₂PbBr₄ at low temperature has been investigated by photoluminescence excitation (PLE), reflection, and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. Since (C₄H₉NH₃)₂PbBr₄ has ideal two-dimensional excitons with an extremely large oscillator strength and forms self-organized MQW with a very short well-period (d～10 Å), polaritonic coupling among excitons is strong and extends over a large number of wells. Therefore, observed MQW polariton features were the same as those of bulk polaritons. We have also investigated relaxation dynamics of the MQW polariton in the same framework as discussions on bulk polaritons.     

High ductility carbon nanoball

High compression strength and high ductility spherical nanoballs were produced by electric arc discharge with a carbon electrode containing silicon, oxygen, potassium, and sodium. Compression tests of the nanoballs were conducted by application of a load to nanoballs inserted between two polished sample stages with nanolevel surface roughness. Experimental estimation of the compression strength of nanomaterials was enabled by careful selection and polishing of the sample stage materials.     

Radial transport characteristics of fast ions due to energetic-particle modes inside the last closed-flux surface in the compact helical system

The internal behavior of fast ions interacting with magnetohydrodynamic bursts excited by energetic ions has been experimentally investigated in the compact helical system. The resonant convective oscillation of fast ions was identified inside the last closed-flux surface during an energetic-particle mode (EPM) burst. The phase difference between the fast-ion oscillation and the EPM, indicating the coupling strength between them, remains a certain value during the EPM burst and drives an anomalous transport of fast ions.     

Composition dependence of the optical absorption spectra of cupric ion in sodium borosilicate glass melts

Optical absorption spectra of Cu²⁺ d–d transition peak in sodium borosilicate glasses and their melts were measured from room temperature to 1100 K. In the case of borate glass free from silicon, increase of the temperature above T_g shifts the peak position to the low energy side and decreases the peak height. Peak width is gradually increased with the increase in temperature. On the other hand, in the case of silicate glass free from boron, peak width is decreased with the increase in temperature from room temperature to liquidus temperature. In addition, peak height is slightly decreased with the temperature increase in this temperature range. Further increase of the temperature makes the peak width large. In borosilicate glasses, temperature dependence of the optical absorption spectra is different both from borate and from silicate, and the temperature dependences of the peak position and of the peak height are very small. Temperature dependence of the peak width depends on the boron/silicon ratio.     

Thermal conductivity of mixed alkali silicate glasses at low temperature

Thermal conductivity of glass is one of the fundamental properties of it. However, that has not been studied enough. That of only less than 20 compositions has been measured below the room temperature. In this study, we measured the thermal conductivity of xNa₂O · (100 ? x)SiO₂ and (33 ? y)Na₂O · yCs₂O · 67SiO₂ glasses by a transient heating method in the temperature range from about 150 K to room temperature. The conductivity of xNa₂O · (100 ? x)SiO₂ is found to decrease with the increase in alkali content. The dominant factor of this behavior is the decrease in phonon mean free path, which is due to the increase of non-bridge oxygen. Thermal conductivity of (33 ? y)Cs₂O · yNa₂O · 67SiO₂ is decreased with the increase in Cs₂O/(Na₂O + Cs₂O) ratio. The dominant factor of this behavior is the decrease of sound velocity. However, composition dependence of the phonon mean free path also affects the thermal conductivity. Phonon mean free path of 33Cs₂O · 67SiO₂ glass is longer than that of 33Na₂O · 67SiO₂ glass, and should be related to the change in distribution of structural unit in glass. In addition, phonon mean free path of mixed alkali glasses are shorter than that of single alkali glasses.