Leakage of immobilized IgG from therapeutic immunoadsorbents

In developing therapeutic immunoadsorbents (IAs), antibodies (IgG molecules) covalently immobilized on porous carriers, a leak of IgG was determined both in the storage test with buffers at 25 and 4 degrees C and in contact with plasma at room temperature (RT). The amount of antibody released from therapeutic IAs must be minimized to avoid side effects during treatment. The amount of IgG released was a. Dependent on the amount of IgG immobilized b. Much greater with CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B, or Formyl-Cellulofine as a support material than with aminopropyl CPG (controlled pore glass) c. Found to yield again during another storage in buffers after the IAs were washed and their buffers replaced with fresh ones and d. Decreased after the IAs were treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) solutions. Whereas treating the IAs with GA solutions significantly reduced the amount of IgG released, it caused some deterioration of the adsorption characteristics of the IAs. An irradiation dose of 2.5 Mrad as a crosslinking procedure also reduced the amount of IgG released; its effect was comparable to that of 0.025% GA, the lowest concentration used.     

Application of emissionless infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometry for following reactions of adsorbed alcohols on an alumina catalyst

IR spectra of adsorbed alcohols on alumina were measured under the reaction conditions at elevated temperatures. The transient response of IR absorption intensity indicates that alkoxides are reactive adsorbed species but carboxylates are not. The rate constants of surface reactions were calculated from the transient response.

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Characterization of acid sites on the external surface of zeolites

Styrene oligomerization in the presence of Pd(acac)₂+PPh₃+BF₃OEt₂ catalytic system (acac—acetylacetonate) has been studied. Styrene conversion at optimum conditons (T=343 K, B/Pd=7, P/Pd=2) was as high as 75,000 mol of C₃H₃ per mol of Pd in 7 h with a selectivity to dimers, mostly 1,3-diphenylbut-1-ene, up to 93%.     

(10R̃, 11R̃)-(+)-squalene-10, 11-epoxide: Isolation from Laurencia okamurai and the asymmetric synthesis

From a red alga $\text{Laurencia okamurai}$ (10$\text{R}\text{?}$, 11$\text{R}\text{?}$)-(+)-squalene-10, 11-epoxide $\text{1}\text{?}$ was isolated and its asymmetric synthesis has been achieved starting from $\text{trans, trans}$-farnesol.     

Particle design of tolbutamide by the spherical crystallization technique. III. Micromeritic properties and dissolution rate of tolbutamide spherical agglomerates prepared by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and the solvent change method

With the objective of modifying the micromeritic properties of tolbutamide (i.e., to manufacture a highly functional powder form), particle design was attempted using a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) method, and the micromeritic properties and dissolution rate of the obtained spherical agglomerates were evaluated by comparison with agglomerates prepared by the solvent change (SC) method. For the production of tolbutamide agglomerates by the QESD method, a necessary condition was the addition of a sucrose fatty acid ester to the system as an emulsifying agent. The particle diameter of the agglomerates obtained by the QESD method depended on the size of the initially formed quasi-emulsion droplets, which in turn depended on the viscosity of the solution. In addition, the agglomerates were nearly perfectly spherical in shape. In the QESD method, the quasi-emulsion droplets crystallized instantaneously from the droplet surface inward. The resultant agglomerates were dense, had great mechanical strength and showed excellent flowability due to their perfect spherical shape. On the other hand, the agglomerates produced by the SC method were conglomerates of primary crystals, and fine, needle-like crystals formed on their surface. As a result, these agglomerates had a large specific surface area, and they therefore showed greater solubility than the agglomerates prepared by the QESD method.     

Tandem five membered-ring selective Prins reaction and Friedel–Crafts reaction

A tandem reaction consisting of five membered-ring selective Prins cyclization and subsequent Friedel–Crafts cyclization was developed. The reactions of phenyl homoallylic alcohol 3 and benzaldehyde derivatives 6 afforded tetrahydroindenofurans 7 or pentacyclic products 8, depending upon the quantity of 6. Also homoallylic alcohol 12 having an alkyne–cobalt moiety reacted with 6 to give rise to tetrahydroindenofurans 13 in good yields.     

Elastodynamic analysis of inhomogeneous anisotropic bodies

The integral equation method is presented for elastodynamic problems of inhomogeneous anisotropic bodies. Since fundamental solutions are not available for general inhomogeneous anisotropic media, we employ the fundamental solution for homogeneous elastostatics. The terms induced by material inhomogeneity and inertia force are regarded as body forces in elastostatics, and evaluated in the form of volume integrals. The scattering problems of elastic waves by inhomogeneous anisotropic inclusions are investigated for some test cases. Numerical results show the significant effects of inhomogeneity and anisotropy of materials on wave propagations.     

Large fullerenes in mass spectra

Fullerenes have been studied for nearly three decades and enormous advances have been made. Mass spectrometry is commonly used for investigations on the distribution of fullerenes formed from evaporated graphite targets, and soot produced from such targets. We report distributions of fullerenes formed by graphite evaporation by use of a pulsed supersonic cluster source and compare them to certain distributions synthesised by other techniques, such as arc discharge and combustion methods. We highlight the fact that physical processes can occur during the mass spectral analysis of fullerenes under certain conditions that may skew the observed distribution of cage sizes present in a sample. In some cases, an analysis of fullerene-containing soot can greatly exaggerate the relative abundance of large fullerenes compared to C₆₀ and medium-sized fullerenes, depending on the particular experimental setup.