Morphological fluctuations in discharge-produced μc-Si:H studied by small angle X-ray scattering

Structural inhomogeneities of μc-Si:H in the range 20≈500 A are observed for the first time by small angle X-ray scattering. Inhomogeneous distributions of bonded hydrogen in the amorphous tissue are suggested to be a possible origin of the SAXS yield. Such inhomogeneities can be reduced when the average grain size and volume fraction of microcrystallites are simultaneously increased.     

Enantioselective C--C bond formation to sulfonylimines through use of the 2-pyridinesulfonyl group as a novel stereocontroller

Enantioselective C--C bond formation to 2-pyridinesulfonylimines afforded products with good enantioselectivity. Dynamic induction of chirality on the sulfur by coordination of a chiral Lewis acid to the pyridine nitrogen and one of the prochiral sulfonyl oxygens induces enantioselectivity. Since the 2-pyridinesulfonyl group can easily be removed after the reaction, it acts not only as an activating group but also as an efficient stereocontroller.     

Nanostructural control of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes with 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide dimer via photoinduced electron transfer

The photoinduced electron-transfer reduction of cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) with 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide dimer [(BNA)2] results in the electrostatic destacking of CSCNTs to afford CSCNTs with uniform size.     

Selective desorption and analysis of humic substances on suspended particles in river water

The elemental analysis and morphology of individual particles indicate that the dominant suspended particles in river water are kaolin covered with hydrated iron(III) oxide which strongly sorbs humic substances. Suspended particles, about 1 mg, collected from 250 ml of water by centrifugation, are treated with 0.7 ml of 0.1M sodium hydroxide to desorb humic substances. Approximately 60% of copper and 30% of lead on or in suspended particles exist as humic complexes.     

Transport coefficients and orientational distributions of spheroidal particles with magnetic moment normal to the particle axis (Analysis for an applied magnetic field normal to the shear plane)

We have investigated the influence of the magnetic field strength, shear rate, and rotational Brownian motion on transport coefficients such as viscosity and diffusion coefficient, and also on the orientational distributions of rodlike particles of a dilute colloidal dispersion. The rodlike particle is modeled as a magnetic spheroidal particle which has a magnetic moment normal to the particle axis; such a particle may typically be a hematite particle. In the present study, an external magnetic field is applied in the direction normal to the shear plane of a simple shear flow. The basic equation of the orientational distribution function has been derived from the balance of torques and solved numerically. The results obtained here are summarized as follows. Although the orientational distribution function shows a sharp peak in the shear flow direction for a very strong magnetic field, such a peak is not restricted to the field direction alone, but continues in every direction of the shear plane. This is due to the characteristic particle motion that the particle can rotate around the axis of the magnetic moment in the shear plane, although the magnetic moment nearly points to the magnetic field direction. This particle motion in the shear plane causes negative values of the viscosity due to the magnetic field. The viscosity decreases, attains a minimum value, and then converges to zero as the field strength increases. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient is significantly influenced by such characteristic particle motion in the shear plane for a strong magnetic field.     

Dispersions of image potential states on surfaces of clean graphite and lead phthalocyanine film

Dispersions of image potential states on a graphite surface (denoted IPS1) and on 1 monolayer (ML) film (denoted IPS2) of lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) are investigated by the micro-spot angle-resolved two-photon photoemission (micro-AR-2PPE) spectroscopy. On the graphite surface, whole dispersions of the two members of IPS1 (n = 1 and 2) are observed. The n = 1 IPS1 peak is weakly visible at energy higher than the vacuum level. The effective mass of an electron in the n = 1 IPS1 becomes slightly light at the high momentum region, suggesting the interaction between the IPS1 and the unoccupied σ-band of graphite. On the PbPc film, the IPS2 band forms a band gap and back-folds at the boundary of the Brillouin zone. A 1-dimensional Kronig-Penny model is used to reproduce the effective mass and the shift of binding energy.     

Studies of the polymerization of diallyl compounds. XXII. Polymerization of diallyl oxalate in the evolution of carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures

The polymerization of diallyl oxalate was conducted in the presence of radical initiators at a high temperature range of 80–180°C; a large decrease in degree of polymerization, an increase in residual unsaturation of the resulting polymer, and the evolution of carbon dioxide were observed with the elevation of temperature. These findings were reasonably interpreted by considering the dismutation of the uncyclized growing radical to yield the allyl radical, carbon dioxide, and polymer carrying a terminal double bond. The kinetics of the polymerization of diallyl oxalate in the evolution of carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures were also discussed in detail.     

Studies on the syntheses of heterocylic compounds—762: Synthesis of 3-benzyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane as a synthetic intermediate of mitomycins

(±)-1-Benzyl-3α-hydroxy-4β-methylamino-2-oxopyrrolidine (15) and its cis-isomer (16) were synthesised from 1-benzyl-4-ethoxycarbonyl-2,3-dioxopyrrolidine (2) in several steps. The former (15) was converted to 3-benzyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (17) with a mixture of triphenylphosphine, carbon tetrachloride and triethylamine.     

A novel synthesis of benzo- and indolo[a]quinolizidines by intramolecular diels-alder reaction of l-azadienes

Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of l-azadienes was conducted by heating the α,β-unsaturated amides (2a ～ d and 6) in the presence of trimethyl- chlorosilane, triethylamine and zinc chloride to give benzo- and indolo[a]- quinolizidines (5a ～ e and 7).