全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1086篇 |
免费 | 35篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 838篇 |
晶体学 | 18篇 |
力学 | 4篇 |
数学 | 64篇 |
物理学 | 199篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 19篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 69篇 |
2011年 | 82篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 39篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 74篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 70篇 |
2004年 | 70篇 |
2003年 | 69篇 |
2002年 | 56篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1123条查询结果,搜索用时 812 毫秒
161.
Area‐selective microwrinkle formation on poly(dimethylsiloxane) by treatment with strong acid 下载免费PDF全文
Microwrinkles were formed by treating poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid at 80 °C followed by a water rinsing step. The acid treatment oxidized the treated area, which also swelled owing to absorption of water during the rinsing step. This absorption of water induced a compressive stress on the PDMS surface that caused the formation of wrinkles. The appearance of wrinkles was controlled by the time interval between the end of the acid treatment and the beginning of the water rinsing step. Wrinkles were formed when the time interval was shorter than 5 s, as water was absorbed by the hygroscopic acid molecules within the treated surface. For longer time intervals of 300 s, this phenomenon was not observed. Based on these findings, a procedure for forming wrinkles in specific areas was developed by hydrating the chosen areas with wet filter paper cut into specific shapes after the acid treatment. The formation of wrinkles was confined to the area under the piece of paper. The orientation and alignment of the wrinkles at the boundaries were also characterized. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 167–174 相似文献
162.
163.
The Importance of Excited‐State Energy Alignment for Efficient Exciplex Systems Based on a Study of Phenylpyridinato Boron Derivatives 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Masashi Mamada Dr. Guojian Tian Prof. Hajime Nakanotani Prof. Jianhua Su Prof. Chihaya Adachi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(38):12380-12384
Understanding excited‐state dynamics is critical for improving the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of exciplexes. A series of exciplexes based on conventional hole‐transporting materials as donor and newly developed phenylpyridinato boron derivatives as acceptor were investigated. High PL efficiencies were achieved in only some combinations, and a large difference in performance among combinations provided insight into nonradiative processes in exciplex systems. Furthermore, the triplet local excited states (3LE) of each donor and acceptor were found play an important role in triplet exciplex harvesting. Significant contributions from triplets were clearly observed when the charge‐transfer excited states (1CT and 3CT) and 3LE were ideally aligned. We also demonstrated fine control of relative energy alignment via the concentration to improve the PL efficiency. 相似文献
164.
165.
Masanori Morishita Fumio Kawamura Minoru Kawahara Masashi Yoshimura Yusuke Mori Takatomo Sasaki 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2004,270(3-4):402-408
The dependency of LPE growth rate and dislocation density on supersaturation in the growth of GaN single crystals in the Na flux was investigated. When the growth rate was low during the growth of GaN at a small value of supersaturation, the dislocation density was much lower compared with that of a substrate grown by the Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition method (MOCVD). In contrast, when the growth rate of GaN was high at a large value of supersaturation, the crystal was hopper including a large number of dislocations. The relationship between the growth conditions and the crystal color in GaN single crystals grown in Na flux was also investigated. When at 800 °C the nitrogen concentration in Na–Ga melt was low, the grown crystals were always tinted black. When the nitrogen concentration at 850 °C was high, transparent crystals could be grown. 相似文献
166.
Hayakawa I Ueda M Yamaura M Ikeda Y Suzuki Y Yoshizato K Kigoshi H 《Organic letters》2008,10(9):1859-1862
Second-generation total synthesis of haterumalide NA, a potent cytotoxic marine macrolide, was achieved by using B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling as key steps (1.2% in 33 steps). Compared to our first-generation approach, the second-generation synthesis is much improved in the yield of key intermediate. 相似文献
167.
Kiyonaga T Fujii M Akita T Kobayashi H Tada H 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2008,10(43):6553-6561
TiO(2) particle-supported Au nanoparticles (NPs) with varying sizes and good contact (Au/TiO(2)) were prepared under a constant loading amount by the deposition-precipitation method. The Fermi energy of Au NPs loaded on TiO(2) at the photostationary state (E(F)') was determined in water by the use of S/S(2-) having specific interaction with Au as a redox probe. The E(F)' value goes up as the mean size of Au NPs (d) increases at 3.0 相似文献
168.
Ryu Sato Ashraful Alam Hidetoshi Ohta Ko-ei Mori Yuki Sato Masayoshi Okawa Masashi Tada Shiduko Nakajo Satoshi Ogawa Tatsuya Yamamoto 《Tetrahedron》2008,64(17):3751-3759
Novel axially chiral benzopolysulfides were synthesized on biaryls by sulfurization of dithiastannoles. Pentathiepin, trithiole, and trithiole 2-oxide rings were observed as single isomer on 1,1′-biaryls. The rotational energy barrier of chiral axis was increased by incorporation of a methyl group at ortho-position. In that case, both trithiole oxide and pentathiepin rings appeared as diastereomer. ortho-Tolyl functionality was also replaced by naphthyl moiety to create more rotational hindrance. Chiral axis was incorporated at the neighborhood of polysulfide functionality by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Calculated rotational energy barriers were very much consistent with experimental observations to show atropisomerism. Energy barrier for the inversion of pentathiepin ring was experimentally determined by variable temperature 1H NMR. The kinetic data suggested that pentathiepin ring inversion was prompt in solution. Insufficient rotational energy barriers of chiral axis and pentathiepin ring inversion make substantially impossible to separate optically pure diastereomer even by chiral chromatography [Preliminary report: Sato, R.; Ohta, H.; Yamamoto T.; Nakajo, S.; Ogawa, S.; Alam, A. Tetrahedron Lett.2007, 48, 4991-4994.]. 相似文献
169.
The steady-shear viscosity, dynamic viscoelasticity, and stress relaxation behavior were measured for suspensions of silica nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The suspensions of silica with diameters of 8-25 nm show striking shear-thickening profiles in steady shear and highly elastic responses under large strains in oscillatory shear. Since the silica particles are much smaller than the polymer coils, one molecule can extend through several particles by intrachain bridging. Each polymer coil may remain isolated as a floc unit and the silica particles hardly connect two flocs. Therefore, the flow of suspensions is Newtonian with low viscosity at low shear rates. When the polymer coils containing several nanoparticles are subjected to high shear fields, three-dimensional network is developed over the system. The shear-thickening flow may arise from the elastic forces of extended bridges. But, the polymer chain is easily detached from particle surface by thermal energy because of large curvature of particles. As a result, the network structures are reversibly broken down in a quiescent state and the suspensions behaves as viscoelastic fluids with the zero-shear viscosity. 相似文献
170.
R.V. Denys A.B. Riabov V.A. Yartys Masashi Sato 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2008,181(4):812-821
The present work is focused on studies of the influence of magnesium on the hydrogenation behaviour of the (La,Mg)2Ni7 alloys. Substitution of La in La2Ni7 by Mg to form La1.5Mg0.5Ni7 preserves the initial Ce2Ni7 type of the hexagonal P63/mmc structure and leads to contraction of the unit cell. The system La1.5Mg0.5Ni7-H2 (D2) was studied using in situ synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction in H2/D2 gas and pressure-composition-temperature measurements. La replacement by Mg was found to proceed in an ordered way, only within the Laves-type parts of the hybrid crystal structure, yielding formation of LaMgNi4 slabs with statistic and equal occupation of one site by La and Mg atoms. Mg alters structural features of the hydrogenation process. Instead of a strong unilateral anisotropic expansion which takes place on hydrogenation of La2Ni7, the unit cell of La1.5Mg0.5Ni7D9.1 is formed by nearly equal hydrogen-induced expansions proceeding in the basal plane (Δa/a=7.37%) and along [001] (Δc/c=9.67%). In contrast with La2Ni7D6.5 where only LaNi2 layers absorb hydrogen atoms, in La1.5Mg0.5Ni7D9.1 both LaNi5 and LaMgNi4 layers become occupied. Nine types of sites were found to be filled by D in total, including tetrahedral (La,Mg)2Ni2, (La,Mg)Ni3, Ni4, tetragonal pyramidal La2Ni3 and trigonal bipyramidal (La,Mg)3Ni2 interstices. The hydrogen sublattice around the La/Mg site shows formation of two co-ordination spheres of D atoms: an octahedron MgD6 and a 16-vertex polyhedron LaD16 around La. The interatomic distances are in the following ranges: La-D (2.28-2.71), Mg-D (2.02-2.08), Ni-D (1.48-1.86 Å). All D-D distances exceed 1.9 Å. Thermodynamic PCT studies yielded the following values for the ΔH and ΔS of hydrogenation/decomposition; ΔHH=−15.7±0.9 kJ (molH)−1 and ΔSH=−46.0±3.7 J (K molH)−1 for H2 absorption, and ΔHH=16.8±0.4 kJ (molH)−1 and ΔSH=48.1±1.5 J (K molH)−1 for H2 desorption. 相似文献