Pyrene分子(小片石墨晶体)的电子传导特性

利用量子理论中基于Green函数的tight-binding方法,对pyrene分子的电子传导和电子流分布进行了理论研究。在考虑到界面耦合和Hopping积分的情况下,得出了电子透射谱和流分布的模拟结果。结果显示透射与电子的能量紧密相关;谱的振荡特征是能级量子化的结果;流分布有着特定的方向,并且在每一个原子点上符合Kirchhoff量子流守恒定律。另外还发现了桥接pyrene分子的正负能开关特性。     

The role of the dynamic pressure in stationary heat conduction of a rarefied polyatomic gas

The effect of the dynamic pressure (non-equilibrium pressure) on stationary heat conduction in a rarefied polyatomic gas at rest is elucidated by the theory of extended thermodynamics. It is shown that this effect is observable in a non-polytropic gas. Numerical studies are presented for a para-hydrogen gas as a typical example.     

Muon spin relaxation studies of magnetic-field-induced effects in high-Tc superconductors

Muon spin relaxation measurements in high transverse magnetic fields [FORMULA: SEE TEXT] revealed strong field-induced quasistatic magnetism in the underdoped and Eu-doped (La,Sr)2CuO4 and La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, existing well above Tc and TN. The susceptibility counterpart of Cu spin polarization, derived from the muon spin relaxation rate, exhibits a divergent behavior towards T approximately 25 K. No field-induced magnetism was detected in overdoped La1.81Sr0.19CuO4, optimally doped Bi2212, and Zn-doped YBa2Cu3O7.     

Absence of broken time-reversal symmetry in the pseudogap state of the high temperature La(2-x)SrxCuO4 superconductor from muon-spin-relaxation measurements

We have performed zero-field muon-spin-relaxation measurements on single crystals of La(2-x)SrxCuO4 to search for spontaneous currents in the pseudogap state. By comparing measurements on materials across the phase diagram, we put strict upper limits on any possible time-reversal symmetry breaking fields that could be associated with the pseudogap. Comparison between experimental limits and the proposed circulating current states effectively eliminates the possibility that such states exist in this family of materials.     

Theory of the spin depolarisation rate of μ+ SR in pure Fe

The diffusion constant (D) and the spin depolarisation rate (λ_S) of the positive muon in the ferromagnetic b.c.c. lattices such as Fe have been calculated on the basis of the small polaron (SP) model with particular attention to the hopping and the coherent motions. They have been obtained in the forms: $\text{D=}\text{d}{}^2\text{w}{}_{\mathrm{D}}\text{6}$ and $\text{λ}{}_{\mathrm{S}}\text{=}\text{4γ}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{H}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{d}}\text{3w}{}_{\mathrm{S}}$, where d is a jump length, and H_d is a magnitude of internal dipolar field. At high temperatures, the activated-type hopping motion gives a dominant contribution to w_D, and w_S coincides with w_D. With decreasing temperature, w_D turns to be increasing owing to the coherent motion. Whereas w_S deviates from w_D, after passing the minimum, to have a maximum, and then decreases in inverse proportion to a lifetime (_B) of the SP band states. Because of the cell periodicity of the internal fields, the spin in an SP band state feels a definite magnetic field corresponding to the state, and sees various fields if scattered to other states. These scattering processes succeeding in a time shorter than (γ_μH_d)^-1 result in the motional narrowing of the spectra, with λ_{S ?} γ²_μH_d_B.     

μSR studies of heavy fermion systems

We have performed both zero field and high transverse field measurements at dilution refrigerator temperatures on a number of heavy electron systems, examining the superconducting and magnetic properties of these interesting materials. Among the materials studied to date are UBe₁₃, URu₂Si₂ and U₆Fe. The magnetic field penetration depth in the superconducting state of UBe₁₃ is greater than 10000 Å, as no increase in the transverse field relaxation rate is observed belowT _c . A sharp increase in the precession frequency is seen, starting atT _c . This frequency shift shows little temperature dependence at low temperature; we found no clear evidence for unconventional superconductivity in this material. Zero field measurements in URu₂Si₂ show the weak antiferromagnetic transition at 17.5 K. Finally, we we found no clear evidence for unconventional superconductivity in this material. Zero field measurements in URu₂Si₂ show the weak antiferromagnetic transition at 17.5 K. Finally, we have observed relaxation in high transverse field due to the formation of a flux lattice in U₆Fe, a material where the electron effective mass is rather lighter than in other heavy fermion systems. The relaxation exhibits a sharp onset atT _c=3.9 K, and is flat at low temperatures as expected for a conventional superconductor.     

Magnetism in electron-doped copper oxides

We report muon spin relaxation/rotation measurements on sintered powder samples of Nd_2−x Ce _x CuO_4−y and a large single crystal of Nd₂CuO_4−y . We find an electronic phase diagram which is quite similar to that of hole-doped superconductors such as La_2−x Sr _x CuO_4−y , although the doping of electrons into the system is less efficient in destroying the static moments on the copper spins. Static magnetic order in Nd₂CuO_4−y appears below about 250 K, and two spin reorientations are seen atT=75 K andT=35 K. Measurements of the magnetic field penetration depth have been unsuccessful due to the rare-earth paramagnetism of these materials.     

Search for magnetic fields due to anyons in high-T c superconductors

We have searched for anomalous internal magnetic fields in highT _c materials which are predicted to occur in anyon and flux phase models of superconductivity. The magnitude, anisotropy and temperature dependence of the observed fields inc-axis oriented samples of sintered YBa₂CuO₃O₇ and of thick-film Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈ are consistent with a conventional nuclear dipolar origin. An upper limit of ≲0.08 mT is set for any anomalous magnetic fields along thec-axis atμ ⁺ sites in bulk CuO₂ superconductors.