Interesterification activity of Rhizopus delemar lipase in phospholipid microemulsions

The interesterification of olive oil with palmitic acid catalyzed by Rhizopus delemar lipase was investigated in phospholipid microemulsion systems. Soybean lecithin was used as the amphiphilic component. The maximal reaction rate was obtained at a buffer pH of 5.5–6.0. The reaction rate was also dependent on the W_L (= [H₂O]/[lecithin]) value and attained a maximum at W_L = 5. The reaction rate reached a maximum at a palmitic acid concentration of 350 mM. The molar fraction of the interesterified product 1,3-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoyl glycerol (POP) in the olive oil was enhanced from 2.8 to 65.6 mol% after 24 h of the reaction.     

A possible pathway for the reaction of triethyl (1-methylindol-2-yl)borate with cationic electrophiles in the presence of cuprous cyanide

On the preferential formation of 3-substituted indoles from triethyl (1-methylindol-2-yl)borate in the presence of cuprous cyanide and cationic electrophiles, it was supposed that the reaction seems to proceed through a transposition path from boron to copper.     

Second-order necessary conditions for domain optimization problems in elastic structures,part 2: Surface traction dependent on the shape

The second-order sensitivity analysis for a domain optimization problem is studied for a linear elastic structure. In the primary elastic structure considered, the surface traction, a part of the boundary conditions, depends not only on the position but also on the shape of the structure. The first variation and the second variation of the objective functional are calculated in terms of the solution, the first variation of the solution for the primal elastic system, and of the adjoint variable introduced. Moreover, the first-order and the second-order necessary optimality conditions are derived for the structure under a hydrostatic pressure. As an illustrative problem, a mean compliance design is treated.     

Reactions of Trialkyl(2- or 4-Quinolyl)-Borates

Reactions of trialkyl(2-quinolyl)-borates and trialkyl (4-quinolyl)borates were investigated.     

Nearly perfect triplet-triplet energy transfer from Wannier excitons to naphthalene in organic-inorganic hybrid quantum-well materials

We report the observation of extremely efficient energy transfer (greater than 99%) in an organic-inorganic hybrid quantum-well structure consisting of perovskite-type lead bromide well layers and naphthalene-linked ammonium barrier layers. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements confirm that the transfer is triplet-triplet Dexter-type energy transfer from Wannier excitons in the inorganic well to the triplet state of naphthalene molecules in the organic barrier. Using measurements in the 10-300 K temperature range, we also investigated the temperature dependence of the energy transfer.