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91.
Toshihiko Myojo Takako Oyabu Kenichiro Nishi Chikara Kadoya Isamu Tanaka Mariko Ono-Ogasawara Hirokazu Sakae Tadashi Shirai 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2009,11(1):91-99
Mass production of some kinds of carbon nanotubes (CNT) is now imminent, but little is known about the risk associated with
their exposure. It is important to assess the propensity of the CNT to release particles into air for its risk assessment.
In this study, we conducted aerosolization of a multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) to assess several aerosol measuring instruments.
A Palas RBG-1000 aerosol generator applied mechanical stress to the MWCNT by a rotating brush at feed rates ranging from 2
to 20 mm/h, which the MWCNT was fed to a two-component fluidized bed. The fluidized bed aerosol generator was used to disperse
the MWCNT aerosol once more. We monitored the generated MWCNT aerosol concentrations based on number, area, and mass using
a condensation particle counter and nanoparticle surface area monitor. Also we quantified carbon mass in MWCNT aerosol samples
by a carbon monitor. The shape of aerosolized MWCNT fibers was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The MWCNT
was well dispersed by our system. We found isolated MWCNT fibers in the aerosols by SEM and the count median lengths of MWCNT
fibers were 4–6 μm. The MWCNT was quantified by the carbon monitor with a modified condition based on the NIOSH analytical
manual. The MWCNT aerosol concentration (EC mass base) was 4 mg/m3 at 2 mm/h in this study. 相似文献
92.
Characterization of BCN films synthesized by radiofrequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Md. Abdul Mannan Masamitsu Nagano Norie Hirao 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2009,70(1):20-25
Boron carbonitride (BCN) films have been synthesized on Si(1 0 0) substrate by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using tris-(dimethylamino)borane (TDMAB) as a precursor. The deposition was performed at the different RF powers of 400-800 W, at the working pressure of 2×10−1 Torr. The formation of the sp2-bonded BCN phase was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that B atoms were bonded to C and N atoms to form the BCN atomic hybrid configurations with the chemical compositions of B52C12N36 (sample 1; prepared at the RF power of 400 W), B52C10N38 (sample 2; at 500 W) and B46C18N36 (sample 3; at 800 W), respectively. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements indicated that B atoms were bonded not only to N atoms but also to C atoms to form various configurations of sp2-BCN atomic hybrids. The polarization dependence of NEXAFS suggested that the predominant hybrid configuration of sp2-BCN films oriented in the direction perpendicular to the Si substrate. 相似文献
93.
Takaaki Shirai Shunsuke Satou Morihiro Saito Jun Kuwano Hidenobu Shiroishi 《Solid State Ionics》2009,180(6-8):569-574
The proton conducting 0.9MO2·0.05In2O3·1.3P2O5 (MTi, Sn, Zr) electrolytes based on a core-shell structure were synthesized by a ball milling method. The core-shell type electrolytes showed the proton conductivities ranging from a higher value than those of Nafion membranes to 10? 5 Scm? 1 at intermediate temperatures of 150–200 °C, depending on the heat-treatment conditions. The samples with high conductivity were proved to adopt a core-shell structure by SEM observation, powder XRD analysis and 31P MAS-NMR measurements. 相似文献
94.
Saito Y Ueta I Ogawa M Abe A Yogo K Shirai S Jinno K 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,393(3):861-869
A miniaturized sample preparation technique that uses a fine-fiber-packed needle as the extraction medium is reviewed, especially
in relation to its application to the analysis of volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography. When the needle was packed
longitudinally with a bundle of fine filaments (12 μm o.d.) which were also surface-coated with polymeric materials, successful
sample preconcentration was obtained. Improved sensitivity was also established by introducing simultaneous derivatization
reactions into the extraction process in the fiber-packed needle. The storage performance of the needle clearly demonstrated
the potential of the technique for typical on-site sampling during environmental analysis. In this short review, the fiber-packed
extraction needle developed by the authors is summarized along with applications that use the fiber-packed needle as a miniaturized
extraction device. 相似文献
95.
Kimura M Ueki H Ohta K Shirai H Kobayashi N 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(11):5051-5056
Low-symmetry, adjacent-type metallophthalocyanines 1 and 2 with four branched alkyl chains on one side and a chiral bridging segment on the other were synthesized, and their self-organization properties were investigated. The synthesized adjacent-type phthalocyanines were liquid-crystalline and exhibited a phase transition from the crystalline phase to the mesophase below room temperature. X-ray diffraction indicated that the molecules are stacked in one-dimensional columnar aggregates with a hexagonal arrangement. The self-organization behavior of zinc complex 1 and cobalt complex 2 was also investigated with a monolayer experiment at the air-water interface. The adjacent-type phthalocyanines formed a stable monolayer at the air-water interface, and the monolayers could be transferred onto quartz substrates by a Y-type deposition. UV-vis, XRD, and CD measurements for the resulting Langmuir-Blodgett films indicated that 1 and 2 had different molecular orientations. 相似文献
96.
1H-1,2,3-triazole,a promising precursor for chemical vapor deposition of hydrogenated carbon nitride
Md. Nizam Uddin Iqbal Ahmed Siddiquey Md. Jahurul Islam Osama A. Fouad Masamitsu Nagano 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2009,311(13):3528-3532
Well-crystallized hydrogenated carbon nitride thin films have been prepared by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MWPECVD). 1H-1,2,3-triazole+N2 and Si (1 0 0) were used as precursor and substrate, respectively. Substrate temperature during the deposition was recorded to be 850 °C. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The plasma compositions were checked by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). XRD observation strongly suggests that the films contain polycrystalline carbon nitride with graphitic structure of (1 0 0), (0 0 2), (2 0 0) and (0 0 4). XPS peak quantification reveals that the atomic ratio of the materials C:N:O:Si is 32:41:18:9. X-ray photo-electron peak deconvolution shows that the most dominant peak of C (1s) and N (1s) narrow scans correspond to sp2 hybrid structure of C3N4. These observations indicate that 1H-1,2,3-triazole favors the formation of hydrogenated carbon nitride with graphitic phase by CVD method and thus is in good agreement with XRD results. SEM of surface and OES of plasma also support the formation of polycrystalline carbon nitride films from 1H-1,2,3-triazole+N2 by CVD. 相似文献
97.
Hiroaki Inoue Yuji Arai Tsunao Kishida Masaharu Shin-Ya Ryu Terauchi Shuji Nakagawa Masazumi Saito Shinji Tsuchida Atsuo Inoue Toshiharu Shirai Hiroyoshi Fujiwara Osam Mazda Toshikazu Kubo 《Ultrasonics》2014
The goal of this feasibility study was to examine whether sonoporation assisted transduction of siRNA could be used to ameliorate arthritis locally. If successful, such approach could provide an alternative treatment for the patients that have or gradually develop adverse response to chemical drugs. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced by synovial fibroblasts has an important role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis, inducing inflammation and bone destruction. In this study, we injected a mixture of microbubbles and siRNA targeting TNF-α (siTNF) into the articular joints of rats, and transduced siTNF into synovial tissue by exposure to a collimated ultrasound beam, applied through a probe 6 mm in diameter with an input frequency of 3.0 MHz, an output intensity of 2.0 W/cm2 (spatial average temporary peak; SATP), a pulse duty ratio of 50%, and a duration of 1 min. Sonoporation increased skin temperature from 26.8 °C to 27.3 °C, but there were no adverse effect such as burns. The mean level of TNF-α expression in siTNF-treated knee joints was 55% of those in controls. Delivery of siTNF into the knee joints every 3 days (i.e., 7, 10, 13, and 16 days after immunization) by in vivo sonoporation significantly reduced paw swelling on days 20–23 after immunization. Radiographic scores in the siTNF group were 56% of those in the CIA group and 61% of those in the siNeg group. Histological examination showed that the number of TNF-α positive cells was significantly lower in areas of pannus invasion into the ankle joints of siTNF- than of siNeg-treated rats. These results indicate that transduction of siTNF into articular synovium using sonoporation may be an effective local therapy for arthritis. 相似文献
98.
Ryota Shirai Takuya Kunii Akio Yoneyama Takahito Ooizumi Hiroko Maruyama Thet‐Thet Lwin Kazuyuki Hyodo Tohoru Takeda 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2014,21(4):795-800
Phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging using a crystal X‐ray interferometer can depict the fine structures of biological objects without the use of a contrast agent. To obtain higher image contrast, fixation techniques have been examined with 100% ethanol and the commonly used 10% formalin, since ethanol causes increased density differences against background due to its physical properties and greater dehydration of soft tissue. Histological comparison was also performed. A phase‐contrast X‐ray system was used, fitted with a two‐crystal X‐ray interferometer at 35 keV X‐ray energy. Fine structures, including cortex, tubules in the medulla, and the vessels of ethanol‐fixed kidney could be visualized more clearly than that of formalin‐fixed tissues. In the optical microscopic images, shrinkage of soft tissue and decreased luminal space were observed in ethanol‐fixed kidney; and this change was significantly shown in the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla. The ethanol fixation technique enhances image contrast by approximately 2.7–3.2 times in the cortex and the outer stripe of the outer medulla; the effect of shrinkage and the physical effect of ethanol cause an increment of approximately 78% and 22%, respectively. Thus, the ethanol‐fixation technique enables the image contrast to be enhanced in phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging. 相似文献
99.
Alexander A. Voronin Yutaka Nomura Hideto Shirai Takao Fuji Aleksei Zheltikov 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2014,117(2):611-619
Four-wave mixing (FWM) of femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses and its second harmonic in the filamentation regime is shown to give rise to ultrashort field waveforms in the mid-infrared with pulse widths as short as a half of the field cycle and produce ultrabroadband supercontinuum spectra stretching from the mid-IR to the terahertz region. Generation of 7-fs pulses centered at 4.35 μm is demonstrated by a two-color filamentation experiment, where the 25-fs, 800-nm fundamental-wavelength output of a Ti: Sapphire laser is mixed with its second harmonic. The spectral and temporal properties of the mid-IR waveforms, as well as their emission pattern, are consistent with the FWM scenario of frequency conversion generalized to include the Kerr effect and ionization-induced refractive-index modulation. 相似文献
100.
Prof. Dr. Yasunori Yamamoto Masaaki Yohda Tomohiko Shirai Prof. Dr. Hajime Ito Prof. Dr. Norio Miyaura 《化学:亚洲杂志》2012,7(10):2446-2449
A chiral O‐linked C2‐symmetric bidentate phosphoramidite (Me‐BIPAM) was found to be efficient for the ruthenium‐catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to isatins. Asymmetric synthesis of 3‐aryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles by 1,2‐addition of arylboronic acids to isatins was carried out in the presence of [RuCl2(PPh3)3]/(R,R)‐Me‐BIPAM and KF, resulting in an enantioselectivity as high as 90 % ee. It was found that the reaction with N‐protected isatins proceeds with high yields and good enantioselectivities. The best protective groups on the nitrogen atom were different depending on the substituents on the aromatic ring. The use of a N‐benzyl group resulted in excellent enantioselectivities in many substrates compared with other groups. 相似文献