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161.
Effects of disorder on the two competing phases, i.e., the ferromagnetic metal and the commensurate charge/lattice ordered insulator, are studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The disorder suppresses the charge/lattice ordering more strongly than the ferromagnetic order, driving the commensurate insulator to the ferromagnetic metal near the phase boundary in the pure case. Above the ferromagnetic transition temperature, on the contrary, the disorder makes the system more insulating, which might cause an enhanced colossal magnetoresistance as observed in the half-doped or Cr-substituted manganites. No indication of the percolation or the cluster formation is found, and there remains the charge/lattice fluctuations instead which are enhanced toward the transition temperature. 相似文献
162.
163.
164.
Peter D. Mlynek Masaki Kawano Michael A. Kozee Lawrence F. Dahl 《Journal of Cluster Science》2001,12(1):313-338
Reactions of [Ni6(CO)12]2- (1) with CuBr2 have given rise in small yields (10%) to the first example of a close-packed copper-nickel carbonyl cluster; its formulation as [CuxNi35-x(CO)40]5- (with x=3 or 5) is based upon a low-temperature CCD X-ray crystallographic determination coupled with an elemental analysis and X-ray fluorescence measurements. This air-unstable black pentaanion (2) together with one co-crystallized bromide anion, six [NMe4]+ counterions, and one solvated acetone molecule comprise the crystallographic independent part in a monoclinic unit cell of P21/n symmetry (with Z=4). The geometrically unprecedented 35-atom hcp M(A)2M(B)3Ni30 polyhedron of pseudo-D3h symmetry consists of a central 15-atom equilateral 4M(B)3Ni12 triangle that is capped on both sides by two symmetry-related 10-atom equilateral 3M(A)Ni9 triangles. The 35-atom M(A)2M(B)3Ni30 core is encapsulated by 40 COs, whose connectivities, due to an extra CO ligand on one of the three triangular sides, reduce the pseudo D3h symmetry of the metal core to Cs. An elemental analysis via AA and X-ray fluorescence measurements resulted in Cu/Ni ratios of 3.2/31.8 and 3.7/31.3, respectively, that are consistent with the metal core being either Cu5Ni30 (i.e., M(A)=M(B)=Cu) or Cu3Ni32 (i.e., M(A)=Ni; M(B)=Cu). Several attempts to determine the actual stoichiometry of the metal core by use of electrospray FT/MS/ICR measurements were unsuccessful. The maximum metal-core diameter of 2 is ca. 0.41 nm parallel and 0.85 nm perpendicular to the principal 3-fold axis. 相似文献
165.
Georgia Benkart Seok-Jin Kang Masaki Kashiwara 《Journal of the American Mathematical Society》2000,13(2):295-331
A crystal base theory is introduced for the quantized enveloping algebra of the general linear Lie superalgebra , and an explicit realization of the crystal base is given in terms of semistandard tableaux. 相似文献
166.
167.
Furukawa H 《Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics》2000,61(2):1423-1431
The spinodal decomposition of two-dimensional fluid mixture is studied by numerical simulation. For the high viscous fluid mixture it has not been evident whether the interfacial tension is relevant to the droplet growth or not. A length scale R defined by the structure function extracting the effect of the long wavelength mode justifies a rapid growth close to R approximately t, but the length scale energetically defined reveals a much slower growth R approximately t(0.5), where t is time. This discrepancy represents the violation of the dynamical scaling with single length scale. The slow gowth of the length scale is attributed to the accumulation of the number of isolated droplets in phase separating state, whereas the rapid growth represents the relevance of the surface tension as the driving force in two dimensions. For a low viscous fluid mixture the dynamical scaling is a good assumption with the growth law R approximately t(2/3) up to a very large Reynolds number Re approximately 1500, which is the limit in the present simulation. 相似文献
168.
Toshiki Yasokawa Ichirou Ishimaru Masahiro Kondo Shigeki Kuriyama Tsutomu Masaki Kaoru Takegawa Naotaka Tanaka 《Optical Review》2007,14(4):161-164
This paper describes a method for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) refractive-index distribution in a single cell. The
method can be used to observe the distribution of cell components without fluorescence staining. The two-dimensional optical
path length distributions from multiple directions are obtained by non-contact rotation of the cell. These optical path lengths
are converted into the line integrals of the refractive index, and the 3D refractive-index distribution is reconstructed by
means of computed tomography. The refractive-index distribution in a breast cancer cell can be measured using a phase-shifting
Mach—Zehnder interferometer in conjunction with proximal two-beam optical tweezers. 相似文献
169.
Toshinobu Kanai Hiroki Ishibashi. Yoshikazu Hayashi Kunio Oka Takaaki Dohmaru Tatsuo Ogawa Shoji Furukawa Robert West 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2001,39(11):1085-1092
The thermochromic behavior of poly(di‐n‐octylsilane) {[Si(C8H17)2]n; PDOS} was studied by ultraviolet (UV) absorption, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction measurements. The structure of PDOS in the low‐temperature phase strongly depended on not only the temperature but also the rate of cooling, that is, the thermal history. Temperature‐dependent UV absorption spectra were highly dependent on thermal hysteresis. Cooled rapidly (10 K/min), PDOS showed two absorption peaks at 3.32 and 3.51 eV in low‐temperature‐ordered phases, whereas a single absorption peak at 3.32 eV became predominant with slow cooling (0.3 K/min). The appearance of the two peaks at low temperatures suggested that a mixture of different conformations was introduced by rapid cooling. A fiber diffraction pattern measured at 240 K after rapid cooling also showed evidence of the existence of novel conformation. A temperature‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction pattern changed significantly between 270 and 280 K. Rapid cooling reduced the intensity of the X‐ray diffraction peak in this temperature region. This intensity change was explained by the conformational mixture in the polymer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 1085–1092, 2001 相似文献
170.
Takashi Kamimura Masaki Sato Takao Iwata 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》1987,70(1-3):209-210
Transitions related to the spin-glass phase in Mn1−xTixSb
are revisited from the nonlinear ac susceptibility. Near the tricritical point (x≈0.8), the transition between ferromagnetic and reentrant spin-glass states is sharp. At x0.8, an anomally is found slightly above the temperature of usual spin-glass freezing. 相似文献