The dynamics of expansive invertible onesided cellular automata

Using textile systems, we prove the conjecture of Boyle and Maass that the dynamical system defined by an expansive invertible onesided cellular automaton is topologically conjugate to a topological Markov shift. We also study expansive leftmost-permutive onesided cellular automata and bipermutive endomorphisms of mixing topological Markov shifts.

     

Unexpected regioselectivity in the palladium‐catalyzed reaction of silacyclobutanes with aryl iodides

The reaction of aryl iodides with 1,1‐diphenyl‐silacyclobutane in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh₃)₄ affords unexpected ring‐opening adducts, 1‐ and 2‐propenyl(triaryl)‐silanes, in good yields. On the other hand, the PdCl₂(PhCN)₂‐catalyzed reaction of 1,1‐diphenylsilacyclobutanes with aryl halides gives ­unexpected products, triarylsilanols, after ­hydrolysis in moderate yields. The catalysis involves the reaction of aryl–palladium intermediates with silacyclobutanes along with ­regioselective aryl–silicon bond formation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Photo-induced carrier mediated transport of alkali metal salts

A new, long-alkyl-group spiropyran compound, 1-octadecyl-3,3-dimethyl-6′-nitrospiro(indoline-2,2′-2H-benzopyran), was synthesized which showed photochromism similar to spiropyran compounds reported previously. Its ability as a salt transporting carrier was investigated by using it in a 1-octanol liquid membrane. The salt NaCl was concentrated from the dark to the visible light illuminated side across the anisotropic membrane using the conditions whereby one interface between liquid membrane and aqueous phase was illuminated with visible light and the remaining was kept dark. In the KClNaCl binary system, more NaCl was transported than KCl.     

Design of unique titanium oxide photocatalysts by an advanced metal ion-implantation method and photocatalytic reactions under visible light irradiation

The metal ion-implantation of titanium oxide with various transition metal ions was carried out by applying by high voltage acceleration. The subsequent calcination of the implanted TiO₂ in oxygen at around 723 K resulted in a large shift in the absorption spectra of the TiO₂ toward visible light regions, its extent being dependent on the amount and the kind of metal ions implanted. Such metal ion-implanted titanium oxide catalysts were active in carrying out various photocatalytic reactions such as the decomposition of NO into N₂, O₂ and N₂O at 275 K under irradiation with visible light longer than 450 nm. The application of this advanced, high energy metal ion-implantation method enables the novel design of titanium oxide photocatalysts which can absorb and initiate vital reactions under visible light and will contribute to the development of catalytic systems utilizing solar energy.     

Regioselective phenyl-substitution effects on the solvatochromism of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one derivatives: expansion of the color variation range of a visible indicator for the proton donor ability of solvents

Phenyl-substitution to the C8 position of an imidazopyrazinone ring resulted in the significant bathochromic shift of the lowest energy band, while the substitution to the C6 position does not produce such a shift. This provides evidence that a color variation range of the solvatochromism of 2-phenylimidazopyrazinone derivatives depends strongly on the position of phenyl-substitution. Results indicated that an imidazopyrazinone with the phenyl groups at the C2 and C8 positions acts as a potential indicator of the proton donor ability of solvents.     

Proton inelastic scattering from 110Cd and 112Cd at isobaric analog resonances and analysis with the quasiparticle random-phase approximation

Excitation functions for elastic and inelastic scattering of protons from ¹¹⁰Cd and ¹¹²Cd have been measured in the energy ranges of 5.8–8.1 MeV in ¹¹⁰Cd and 6.1–8.4 MeV in ¹¹²Cd. Elastic resonance data have been analyzed using the many-level formula of modified R-matrix theory. Angular distributions have been measured at four prominent inelastic resonances- The results are compared with spectroscopic predictions deduced from calculations using the quasiparticle randomphase approximation (QRPA). The contributions of two different modes arising from the 2p-1h character of the analog state and from the particle-core coupling nature of the parent state were deduced in a microscopic picture. The interference between the resonance and direct scattering has a marked effect on the inelastic angular distributions.     

Measurmennt of recoil proton polarization in the process of π− photoproduction from neutrons in the energy range between 700 and 1200 MeV

The recoil proton polarization for γn → π^?p was measured around the third resonance region. Both momentum vectors of the proton and the pion were determined by the magnetic spectrometers. The proton polarization was measured by means of proton-carbon scattering in the polarization analyzer located behind the proton spectrometer. Below 900 MeV incident photon energy, our data are consistent with the other existing experimental data ($\text{θ}{}_{\mathrm{\pi }}{}^1\text{= 90°}$) and the predictions of partial-wave analyses. Above 1000 MeV, however, a large discrepancy was observed between our data and the predictions of the partial-wave analyses. The discrepancy stands out as the pion c.m. angle increases. A new partial-wave analysis was made for γn → π^?p including our polarization data, and the accuracy of the experimentally determined electromagnetic coupling constant of the third resonances were greatly improved. In particular, a finite amount of the helicity $\text{3}\text{2}$ amplitude for the γn → F₁₅(1688) resonance was obtained against the predictions of the quark models, by Copley, Karl and Obryk and by Feynman, Kislinger and Ravendal but in agreement with the relativistic quark models of Sugimoto and Toya, and Kubota and Ohta.