Interlayer interaction of two-dimensional layered spin crossover complexes [FeIIH3L(Me)][FeIIL(Me)]X (X-=ClO4-, BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, and SbF6-; H3L(Me)=tris[2-(((2-methylimidazol-4-yl)methylidene)amino)ethyl]amine)

A series of two-dimensional (2D) spin crossover complexes, [FeIIH3L(Me)][FeIIL(Me)]X (X-=ClO4-, BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, SbF6-) 1-5, have been synthesized, where H3L(Me) denotes an hexadentate N6 tripodlike ligand containing three imidazole groups, tris[2-(((2-methylimidazol-4-yl)methylidene)amino)ethyl]amine. Compounds 1-5 exhibit a two-step (HS-[FeIIH3L(Me)](2+) + HS-[FeIIL(Me)]-) <--> (HS-[FeIIH3L(Me)](2+) + LS-[FeIIL(Me)]-) <--> (LS-[FeIIH3L(Me)](2+) + LS-[FeIIL(Me)]-) spin-transition. The crystal structure of [FeIIH3L(Me)][FeIIL(Me)]PF6 (3) was determined at 295, 200, and 100 K. The structure consists of homochiral extended 2D puckered sheets, in which the complementary [FeIIH3L(Me)](2+) and [FeIIL(Me)]- capped tripodlike components, linked together by imidazole-imidazolate hydrogen bonds, are alternately arrayed in an up-and-down mode. The Fe-N bond distances and angles revealed that the FeII sites of both constituting units are in the high-spin (HS) state at 295 K; at 200 K, the FeII sites of [FeIIH3L(Me)](2+) and [FeIIL(Me)]- are in the HS and low-spin (LS) states, respectively. The FeII sites of both constituting units are in the LS state at 100 K. The size of the counteranion affects significantly the intra- and interlayer interactions leading to modifications of the spin crossover behavior. The onset of the second spin-transition of the ClO4- (1) and BF4- (2) salts adjoins the first spin-transition, while a mixed (HS-[FeIIH3L(Me)](2+) + LS-[FeIIL(Me)]-) spin-state spans a temperature range as wide as 70 K for salts 3-5 with larger counteranions, PF6-, AsF6-, and SbF6-, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed remarkable LIESST (light induced excited spin state trapping) and reverse-LIESST effects, whereas 3-5 showed no remarkable LIESST effect. The interlayer interaction due to the size of the counteranion is an important factor governing the spin crossover behavior and LIESST effect.     

Theoretical study on second hyperpolarizabilities of phenylacetylene dendrimer: toward an understanding of structure-property relation in NLO responses of fractal antenna dendrimers

This contribution explores the relation between molecular second hyperpolarizabilities (gamma) and molecular architecture in phenylacetylene dendrimers using the semiempirical molecular orbital method, that is, INDO/S method. The orientationally averaged gamma of a large-size phenylacetylene dendrimer, which is composed of 24 units of phenylacetylenes and is referred to as D25, is found to be about 50 times as large as that of the diphenylacetylene monomer. In contrast, the gamma(s)() value of D25 is found to be about 6 times as small as that of the para-substituted phenylacetylene oligomer (L25) composed of 24 units of phenylacetylenes. To investigate the structure-property relation in gamma for D25 and L25, we examine the spatial contributions of electrons to gamma values using gamma density analysis. The present analysis reveals that the dominant contributions of electrons to gamma of D25 are localized in the linear-leg regions parallel to the applied electric field and the contributions are also well segmented at the meta-connected points (benzene rings), while the spatial distribution of the gamma density of L25 is extended over the whole region of the chain, and the dominant contribution stems from the both-end regions. It is found for D25 that the magnitude of contributions to gamma in the internal region is more enhanced than that in the outer region. We further found that the magnitudes of contributions in internal linear-leg regions of D25 are somewhat larger than those of the same-size isolated linear-leg molecules. This suggests that the slightly remaining pi-conjugations via the meta-branching points still enhance the contributions to gamma localized in the linear-leg regions. These features of spatial contributions to gamma of D25 are found to originate in the fractal architecture, in which pi-conjugation lengths in the linear-leg region increase on going from the periphery to the core. Finally, fractal antenna dendrimers are expected to be promising novel nonlinear optical (NLO) substances with a controllability of the magnitude and spatial contribution of the third-order NLO properties.     

Electron correlation effects on magnetic properties of BH

The nuclear magnetic shielding and magnetizability tensors for the BH molecule are calculated by the coupled-Hartree–Fock method and many-body perturbation theory. As in the case of H₂, HF, and F₂, the second-order non-CHF diagrams make an inappreciable contribution.     

Phomactin H, a novel diterpene from an unidentified marine-derived fungus

Phomactin H (1), a diterpene has been isolated from cultures of an unidentified marine-derived fungus. The structure and relative stereochemistry of phomactin H (1) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Phomactin H (1), having an oxepane moiety, is a new phomactin with a novel skeleton.     

Electron transfer reaction of electrochemically polymerized tris-(amino-phenanthroline)-iron(II/III) complex films

New films of iron complex with 4,7-bis(2-aminophenyl)-methylaminosulfonylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (APP) and 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline (AP) are prepared on the electrode surface of In–Sn oxide conducting glass (ITO) by electrochemical oxidation. The thickness (Φ) of the films prepared on the ITO can be controlled by the number of cycles of the potential scan. The resulting film-coated electrodes show well-defined reversible vol-tammograms corresponding to the redox reaction of the Fe(II/III) complexes in 0.1 M NaClO₄ acetonitrile (AN), a mixture of butylene carbonate (BC) and propylene carbonate (PC) and poly2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate gel containing BC and PC. The electron transfer processes within the films can be treated apparently as diffusional processes characterized by the rate constants of the apparent diffusion coefficient (D_app). The value of D_app increase from 1.0 × 10^?9 to 1.6 × 10^?8 cm² sec^?1 as the Fe complex concentration (C_Fe) increases from 0.06 to 1.04 M for the [Fe(AP)₃] complex film (Φ=0.80 μm) in 0.2 M NaClO₄/AN solution. The D_app value for the [Fe(APP)₃) complex film (C_Fe = 0.19 M , Φ= 0.78 μm) is 3.5 × 10^?9 cm² sec^?1 in 0.2 M NaClO₄/AN solution. The D_app values of the [Fe(AP)₃] complex film in the PC + BC mixture and gel containing 1.0 M NaClO₄ were smaller than those obtained in AN solution by an order of magnitude. The dependence of the apparent formal potential of the Fe(II/III) redox reaction for the [Fe(AP)₃] complex film on the activity of NaClO₄ supporting electrolyte in AN shows that Na⁺ moves preferentially across the polymer/solution interfaces during the redox reaction. The Fe(II/III) redox reaction of the Fe complex films shows reversible electrochromic response between red and colorless.     

The effect of solvents on asymmetric induction cationic copolymerization of l-menthyl vinyl ether with indene

Cationic copolymerization of l-menthyl vinyl ether (l-MVE) with indene (IN) was carried out in several solvents with BF₃OEt₂ as catalyst at 0°C. The solvents used in this study were selected toluene (Tol), chloroform (CHCl₃), chlorobenzene (BzCl), 1,2-dichloroethane (EtCl₂), and nitrobenzene; (BzNO₂)/Tol = 65/35 mixture solvent. l-Methyl residue, which is an optically active side chain of copolymer produced by cationic copolymerization, was removed with dry hydrogen bromide gas by ether cleavage reaction. The copolymer [vinyl alcohol(VA)–lN], produced by the ether cleavage reaction, also showed optical rotation. From this result, therefore, it was concluded that asymmetric induction takes place in the copolymer main chain. The efficiency of asymmetric induction was determined by the measurement of optical rotation of VA–IN copolymer after the ether cleavage reaction. The efficiency of asymmetric induction in the copolymer main chain developed from the variation on polymerization solvents; the order was Tol > EtCl₂ > BzCl > CHCl₃ > BzNO₂/Tol (65/35) mixture solvent.     

Induced Circular Dichroism Spectra of β- and γ-Cyclodextrin Complexes with Indazolinone and Related Compounds

The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of indazolinone, isatine, and 3-iminoisoindolinone and the induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectra of the inclusion complexes with β- or γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) have been measured. The spectra are interpreted by results of the ZINDO calculations. In the presence of cyclodextrin, the OH indazolinone tautomer is main structure that is consistent with that in the DMSO solution. The structures of the inclusion complexes are very different because of the scale of the cavity of cyclodextrin or position of quinone in molecules.     

A novel methodology for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates based on the palladium-catalyzed cascade reaction of 4-methoxycarbonyloxy-2-butyn-1-ols with phenols,involving a novel carbon dioxide elimination-fixation process

A palladium-catalyzed CO(2)-recycling reaction has been developed. Reaction of 4-methoxycarbonyloxy-2-butyn-1-ols with phenols, carried out in the presence of a palladium catalyst, produces phenoxy-substituted cyclic carbonates by way of a pathway involving a CO(2) elimination-fixation. A variety of propargylic alcohols and phenols participate in these reactions which yield cyclic carbonates with high efficiencies. Stereoselective construction of trans-cyclic carbonates is achieved by using nonsymmetric substrates. Highly enantioselective reactions occur when (S)-BINAP is used as a ligand. Reaction of 4-phenoxycarbonyloxy-2-butyn-1-ol in the presence of the palladium catalyst yields the corresponding cyclic carbonates via a three-component decomposition-reconstruction process.     

The molecular structure of a three-coordinate palladium(II)-styrene complex [Pd(η5-C5H5)(PEt3)(styrene)]BF4

The molecular structure of a three-coordinate palladium(II)-styrene complex, [Pd(η⁵-C₅H₅)(PEt₃)(styrene)]BF₄ has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2₁/c, with four formula units in a cell of dimensions: a 10.229(3), b 11.262(3), c 18.760(5) Å and β 103.77(2)°. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method, and refined by the least-squares procedure to R = 0.050 for 3635 observed reflections. The palladium atom is surrounded by the cyclopentadienyl group, the triethylphosphine ligand and the olefinic bond of styrene in the cationic complex. In the palladiumstyrene bonding, the olefinic bond is inclined by 77.3° to the coordination plane defined by the Pd and P atoms and the center of the cyclopentadienyl ring (PdC(1) 2.176(6), PdC(2) 2.234(5) and C(1)C(2) 1.369(8) Å).     

Rate constants of the reaction of NO3 with CH3I measured with use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy

We have applied cavity ring-down spectroscopy to a kinetic study of the reaction of NO3 with CH3I in 20-200 Torr of N2 diluent at 298 K. The rate constant of the reaction of NO3 + CH3I was determined to be (4.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(-13) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) in 100 Torr of N2 diluent at 298 K and is pressure-independent. This reaction may significantly contribute to the formation of reactive iodine compounds in the atmosphere.