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101.
102.
A new class of molecular beacons were developed in which pyrene fluorophores were connected both at 3' and 5' ends of a single-stranded oligonucleotide. The two pyrene-based fluorophores were synthesized from the same starting material, so that the preparation of the beacons was simplified. The detection strategy of the beacons for target DNAs is based on "excimer-monomer emission switching" of the pyrene fluorophores: excimer emission of the pyrene moieties changed to monomer one when the beacons hybridized with the targets. This type of two-state mode of fluorescence allows unambiguous detection of the target DNAs because strict 1:1 correlation between the nonhybridized and the hybridized beacons can be monitored by the presence of isoemissive points of the fluorescence changes. The beacons can detect target 19-mer DNAs and can discriminate the targets from their single-nucleotide mismatches at 1 nM concentration. Advantages of the excimer-monomer switching molecular beacons were discussed in comparison with conventional ones.  相似文献   
103.
The molecular-recognition abilities of a water-soluble chitin derivative, chitin-graft-polysarcosine (2) were investigated using chitinase, lysozyme, and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). The enzymatic degradabilities of 2 were evaluated using chitinase and lysozyme. The molecular weight of those compounds of 2 with a higher affinity toward water decreased rapidly, as compared with partially deacetylated chitin (1). The 1H NMR spectrum of the low-molecular-weight fraction, yielded after lysozymic hydrolysis, indicated that saccharide residues in the chitinous backbone were specifically recognized by the lysozyme, then beta-glycosidic linkages in the backbone were selectively hydrolyzed. Furthermore, the molecular-recognition ability of the chitinous backbone of graft copolymer 2 toward the lectin WGA was elucidated by the enzyme-linked lectin-binding assay (ELLA). It was revealed that the graft copolymer with a lower degree of substitution (DS) value efficiently interacted with WGA. Interestingly, a graft copolymer having longer polysarcosine side chains showed higher recognition ability toward WGA than that having short side chains.  相似文献   
104.
In this paper we present a new acoustic-resonance microscopy, Electromagnetic-Resonance-Ultrasound Microscopy (ERUM), to measure the localized elastic stiffness of a solid material. It visualizes the resonance-frequency shift of vibrating piezoelectric crystal (langasite, La3Ga5SiO14) excited by an electric field from a solenoid coil. The acoustic coupling is made only at the tip of the crystal touching the specimen surface. Being based on the calibration for the specimen's effective stiffness, the local elasticity is determined from the resonance frequencies of the crystal with the Rayleigh-Ritz method. An approximate model for the specimen's effective stiffness predicts the shift of resonance frequencies, for which the conventional Hertz-contact model is improved. As an illustrating example, the mapping of Young's modulus of a duplex stainless steel is presented, which shows good agreement with the existing study.  相似文献   
105.
Shimoyama M  Morimoto S  Ozaki Y 《The Analyst》2004,129(6):559-563
Visible (VIS) and short-wave near infrared (SW-NIR) spectroscopy was used for non-destructive analysis of ivories. VIS-SW-NIR (500-1000 nm) spectra were measured in situ for five kinds of ivories, that is two subspecies of African elephants, mammoth, hippopotamus, and sperm whale. Chemometrics analyses were carried out for the spectral data from 500 to 1000 nm region. The five kinds of ivories were clearly discriminated from each other on the scores plot of two principal components (PCs) obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). It was noteworthy that the ivories of the two subspecies of African elephants were discriminated by the scores of PC 1. The loadings plot for PC 1 showed that the discrimination relies on the intensity changes in bands due to collagenous proteins and water interacting with proteins. It was found that the scores plot of PC 2 is useful to distinguish between the ivories of the two subspecies of African elephants and the other ivories. We also developed a calibration model that predicted the specific gravity of five kinds of ivories from their VIS-SW-NIR spectral data using partial least squares (PLS)-1 regression. The correlation coefficient and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of this model were 0.960 and 0.037, respectively.  相似文献   
106.
We have examined the implosion of an indirectly driven reentrant-cone shell target to clarify the issues attendant on compressing fuel for a fast ignition target. The target design is the hydrodynamic equivalent of a NIF cryoignition target scaled to be driven by Omega. Implosions were imaged with backlit x radiographs and modeled with LASNEX. The simulations were generally in good agreement with the experiments with respect to the shell diameter, density, and symmetry, but did not show the prestagnation central absorption maximum. The existence of material between the original cone and the shell is sensitive to gold M-band radiation, which penetrates the shell and ablates gold from the cone. The simulated radiographs using recently measured M-band fractions showed absorption between the cone and shell similar to the experiment. This gold ablation might be a problem in a cryoignition target.  相似文献   
107.
Four new guaianolides, sinodielides A-D (1-4), were isolated from Sinodielsia yunnanensis WOLFF together with a known polyacetylene, falcarindiol, and two known coumarins, bergapten and scopoletin. Their structures were established by spectral and X-ray analyses.  相似文献   
108.
Five megastigmane glucosides were isolated from the leaves of Glochidion zeylanicum. One of them was a known compound, blumenol C O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), and the structures of the four new compounds, glochidionionosides A-D (2-5), were mainly elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including a modified Mosher's method. The absolute configurations of the six-membered ring of glochidionionoside D (5) were deduced by beta-D-glucopyranosylation-induced shift trends in the (13)C-NMR spectra and confirmed by X-ray analysis as its p-bromobenzoate (5b), and the axis chirality of C-7 was determined to be R.  相似文献   
109.
110.
Methyl mercaptoacetate (MA) on Cu(1 1 1) surface was investigated using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. MA adsorbs on the surface via thiolate formation and weak interaction of the carbonyl group with the surface. Two different adsorption states previously reported for methanethiolate and ethanethiolate were confirmed, besides atomic sulfur. NEXAFS measurements support gauche-type conformation of MA whose skeleton lies on the surface.  相似文献   
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