Crystal plasticity analysis of texture development in magnesium alloy during extrusion

The texture development mechanism during the extrusion of magnesium alloy is investigated by experimental observation and numerical analysis. First, we perform a finite element analysis of a full extrusion process using a phenomenological constitutive equation, and it is confirmed that the loading condition of the extrusion process near the central axis of the billet is approximated by an equi-biaxial compression mode. Then, the equi-biaxial compression problem is adopted as a simplified boundary value problem to be solved using a crystal plasticity model to clarify the detailed texture development mechanism during the extrusion process. The crystal plasticity analysis of equi-biaxial compression successfully reproduces the texture development from an initial random texture to the final experimentally observed texture. The effects of the deformation modes (i.e. slip and twinning systems) implemented in the calculation and the reference stress ratio of basal to nonbasal slip systems on texture development are studied in detail. Finally, the mechanism of texture development during the extrusion process is discussed in terms of the lattice rotation caused by the activated slip systems.     

Synthesis of poly(isobutyl‐co‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) with 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphinato platinum(II) moiety as an oxygen‐sensing dye for pressure‐sensitive paint

Pressure‐sensitive paint (PSP), which consists of luminescent molecules embedded in an oxygen‐permeable polymer, has been developed for use in wind‐tunnel experiments. To improve the PSP technique, a novel luminescent methacrylate monomer, 5‐[4‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphinato platinum(II), was synthesized and copolymerized with isobutyl methacrylate and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate to produce a dye‐pendant copolymer ( 2 ). The introduction of 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphinato platinum(II) (PtTPP) dye into 2 was confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements. The extent of PtTPP dye incorporation in 2 was proportional to the molar fraction of the PtTPP‐pendant methacrylate monomer in the feed. The oxygen‐sensing property of 2 was compared with that of a PSP consisting of PtTPP dye embedded in poly(isobutyl‐co‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate). Although the simple mixture of PtTPP and poly(isobutyl‐co‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) showed a marked deviation from a single Stern–Volmer relation, novel copolymer 2 gave a highly linear Stern–Volmer plot. This was unequivocal evidence of dye conjugation on the oxygen‐sensing polymer film. © 2005Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2997–3006, 2005     

Crystal structure of 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin.

The structure of 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin was determined by an X-ray diffraction method. The compound crystallized in the triclinic space group P1, Z = 2, with a = 7.631(2), b = 9.456(5), c = 7.075(3)A, alpha = 103.13(3), beta = 91.84(3), gamma= 68.21(3) degrees, and V= 460.9(3)A3. The X-ray crystal structure was also compared with those of 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin.     

Depth profiling of ultra trace metal impurities in polytetrafluoroethylene wares by surface scraping and acid-vapor extraction followed by ICP-MS analysis.

This paper describes the development of the depth profiling method of ultra trace metal impurities in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) wares based on contamination-free sampling followed by acid-vapor extraction and its application to evaluate the washing method for PTFE wares. A contamination-free sampling process was achieved by scraping the surface of PTFE wares with the cleft face of a silicon wafer followed by exposing the PTFE scraped to highly pure acid-vapor. The concentration of metal impurities in extractants was determined by ICP-MS equipped with an electrothermal vaporizer (ETV-ICP-MS). The blank values of Al, Cr, Fe, Ni and Cu by the depth profiling method were 0.006, 0.004, 0.005, 0.002 and 0.003 ng, respectively. By analyzing the depth profile of beakers, the distributions of ultra trace (ng g(-1) level) metal impurities were clarified. An examination of the washing methods by the depth profiling method also clarified that exposing to acid-vapor was more effective than the acid-dipping method for the elimination of metal impurities.     

Development of a two-color interferometer for observing wide range electron density profiles with a femtosecond time resolution

A two-color interferometer for preformed plasma characterization is developed. We observe the electron density distribution of preformed plasmas on a 5 μm-thick copper target irradiated with a high-intensity Ti:sapphire laser. The two-color interferometer extended the observable electron density region using a fundamental (800 nm) probe beam to cover the lower density region and a second harmonic (400 nm) probe beam to cover the higher density region, simultaneously. This characterization of the electron density distribution of preformed plasmas with femtosecond time resolution significantly contributes to the understanding of high-intensity laser–thin-foil interactions during high-energy electron, ion, and X-ray generation. PACS 52.38.-r; 52.50.Jm; 52.70.-m     

Synthesis of macrocycles having tröger base skeletons “[2.2]cyclic tröger base”

[2.2]Cyclic Tröger base2 was synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-bis (4-aminopheyl) ethane with paraformaldehyde under acidic condition in 43.8% yield. [2.2]Cyclic Tröger base2 was separated into meso form and racemate by fractional crystallization or using HPLC. Resolution of the racemate into its optical antipodes by passing the racemate through an activated D-(+)-lactose column was partially succeeded.Presented at the 15th Symposium on Structural Organic Chemistry, Kyoto, October, 1982.The trivial name [2.2]cyclic Tröger base is used because of the cumbersome nomenclature.10,12,25,32-Tetraazanonacyclo[19.7.7.1^4,8.1^14,18.1^25,32.0^7,12.0^7,12.0^10,15.-0^24,34.0^27,31] octatriaconta-1(29),4,6,8(36),14,16,18(37),21,23,27,-30,34-dodecaene.     

Third order efficiency implies fourth order efficiency: A resolution of the conjecture of J. K. Ghosh

Under suitable regularity conditions, it is shown that a third order asymptotically efficient estimator is fourth order asymptotically efficient in some class of estimators in the sense that the estimator has the most concentration probability in any symmetric interval around the true parameter up to the fourth order in the class. This is a resolution of the conjecture by Ghosh (1994, Higher Order Asymptotics, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Hayward, California). It is also shown that the bias-adjusted maximum likelihood estimator is fourth order asymptotically efficient in the class.