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101.
102.
Keiichiro?KagawaEmail author Norikatsu?Yoshida Takashi?Tokuda Jun?Ohta Masahiro?Nunoshita 《Optical Review》2004,11(3):176-181
We present a simple model of the pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) photosensor that provides explicit relationships between circuit parameters and output characteristics. The model treats the PFM photosensor with a feedback loop as an open loop circuit. Several characteristics such as output pulse frequency for light intensity and photosensitivity are expressed by device parameters of a photodiode, reset transistor, and chain of inverters. The relationships derived from the proposed model help us to comprehend the results by simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) or experiments. We design and fabricate a 128 x 128-pixel PFM image sensor with photosensitivity of 0.15 Hz/lux. As a demonstration, a figure of a dinosaur is captured using the fabricated image sensor to discuss its operation. Characteristics of a normal pixel and white and black defect pixels are measured and discussed based on the results of formulations. 相似文献
103.
Sekiguchi A Inoue S Ichinohe M Arai Y 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(31):9626-9629
The highly twisted tetrakis(di-tert-butylmethylsilyl)disilene 4 was prepared and reacted with (t)BuLi in THF, producing disilene anion radical 5 upon one-electron reduction. The anion radical 5 was isolated in the form of its lithium salt as extremely air- and moisture-sensitive red crystals. The molecular structure of 5 was established by X-ray crystallography, which showed a nearly orthogonal structure (twisting angle of 88 degrees ) along the central Si-Si bond, with a length of 2.341(5) A, which is 3.6% elongated relative to that of 4. The interesting feature of 5 is that one of the central Si atoms has radical character, whereas the other Si atom has silyl anion character. An electron spin resonance (ESR) study of the hyperfine coupling constants of the (29)Si nuclei indicates that rapid spin exchange occurs between these central Si atoms on the ESR time scale. 相似文献
104.
The ligand-ligand redox interaction separated by di-, tri-, and hexanuclear cluster units is discussed in terms of the splitting of the redox waves (DeltaE(L)) and the comproportionation constants (Kcom(L)) of the ligand-based mixed valence state. Although two redox-active monodentate ligands in the mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes (either cis or trans configurations) do not show appreciable splitting in their reduction waves, interestingly those separated by giant triruthenium and hexarhenium cluster units clearly show splitting. The molecular orbital considerations in the literature suggest that these units possess some pi-type molecular orbitals composed of metal dpi and possibly ligand ppi orbitals. Absence of the redox interactions in oxo-bridged diruthenium(II) and oxo-centered trirhodium(III) complexes where such pi molecular orbitals (including an antibonding one) are fully occupied, indicates the importance of empty pi* orbitals for the ligand redox communication. 相似文献
105.
Morimoto M Sato H Kobayashi M 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2004,116(3):1607-1613
Listening difficulty ratings, using words with high word familiarity, are proposed as a new subjective measure for the evaluation of speech transmission in public spaces to provide realistic and objective results. Two listening tests were performed to examine their validity, compared with intelligibility scores. The tests included a reverberant signal and noise as detrimental sounds. The subject was asked to repeat each word and simultaneously to rate the listening difficulty into one of four categories: (1) not difficult, (2) a little difficult, (3) fairly difficult, and (4) extremely difficult. After the tests, the four categories were reclassified into, not difficult [response (1)] and some level of difficulty, (the other 3 responses). Listening difficulty is defined as the percentage of the total number of responses indicating some level of difficulty [i.e. not (1)]. The results of two listening tests demonstrated that listening difficulty ratings can evaluate speech transmission performance more accurately and sensitively than intelligibility scores for sound fields with higher speech transmission performance. 相似文献
106.
Gajare AS Toyota K Yoshifuji M Ozawa F 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2004,(17):1994-1995
1,2-Diphenyl-3,4-bis[(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclobutene was used as an additive ligand in copper-catalysed amination reactions of halobenzenes with amines in the presence of base to afford the corresponding secondary or tertiary amines in good to excellent yields. 相似文献
107.
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of acetonitrile cluster anions, (CH3CN)(-)(n) (n=10-100), successfully demonstrates the competitive coexistence of two different anionic species: a solvated electron and a solvent-bound valence anion. The distinctly different nature of these anions is revealed by hole-burning-type photoelectron spectroscopy and relative photodetachment cross section measurements. This unusual coexistence is attributed to the closely lying nature of their anionic states at just the number of solvent molecules sufficient to almost complete the first solvation layer. 相似文献
108.
Amphidinolide Y, a novel 17-membered macrolide from dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp.: plausible biogenetic precursor of amphidinolide X 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tsuda M Izui N Shimbo K Sato M Fukushi E Kawabata J Kobayashi J 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(23):9109-9112
A novel cytotoxic 17-membered macrolide, amphidinolide Y (1), has been isolated from a marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp., and it was elucidated to exist as a 9:1 equilibrium mixture of 6-keto- and 6(9)-hemiacetal forms (1a and 1b, respectively) on the basis of 2D NMR data and chemical means. The feeding experiments with (13)C-labeled acetates suggested that amphidinolide Y (1) may be a biogenetic precursor of 16-membered macrodiolide, amphidinolide X (2). 相似文献
109.
A sterically encumbered 3-thioxo-1,3-diphosphapropene, bearing a P=C-P=S skeleton, was prepared, characterised, and allowed to react with a carbonyltungsten(0) reagent and iodine affording the corresponding chelate tungsten(0) complex and charge-transfer complex with iodine, respectively, which were analysed by the X-ray crystallography. 相似文献
110.
Shin-ichi Nakakita Kayo Hasehira Tomohiro Hosokawa Masaaki Tokuda Ken Izumori Kaoru Takegawa Jun Hirabayashi 《Journal of chromatography. A》2009,1216(26):5112-5115
A rare sugar is considered to be a monosaccharide rarely found in nature. To investigate their natural distribution and biological roles, a robust analytical system must be used to isolate, identify, and quantify them. Herein, we report the development of such a system that can specifically quantify and chromatographically separate four aldopentoses and eight aldohexoses tagged with 2-aminopyridine. Purified monosaccharides derivatized with a pyridylamino moiety (PA–monosaccharides) are first chromatographed over a high-performance anion-exchange resin. But, because two of the PA–aldohexoses used in this study, PA–talose and PA–idose, co-elute with the common saccharides, PA–glucose and PA–mannose, respectively, a second chromatographic step, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, is used to completely separate them. Thus, as shown by the results of this study, chromatographic separation of PA–monosaccharides is achievable and provides a quantitative measurement of common and rare isomeric aldopentoses and aldohexoses. 相似文献