Spontaneous ring transformation of a 5-azido-1,2,3-thiadiazole

The reaction of 4-carbethoxy-5-chloro-1,2,3-thiadiazole ($\text{1}$) with sodium azide results in the formation of ethyl α-thiatriazolyldiazoacetate ($\text{3}$) instead of the corresponding azide ($\text{2}$). Two plausible mechanisms for this new rearrangement are formulated.     

Prüfer and Morita Hulls of FCP Extensions

We examine in this paper some properties of Morita and Prüfer hulls of FCP and FIP extensions of rings. Dichotomy phenomena appear in the case of a quasi-local base ring. In the general case, we define relative supports that allow us to introduce the concept of direct factorization of an extension and to characterize these hulls.     

Multicriteria Semi-Obnoxious Network Location Problems (MSNLP) with Sum and Center Objectives

Locating a facility is often modeled as either the maxisum or the minisum problem, reflecting whether the facility is undesirable (obnoxious) or desirable. But many facilities are both desirable and undesirable at the same time, e.g., an airport. This can be modeled as a multicriteria network location problem, where some of the sum-objectives are maximized (push effect) and some of the sum-objectives are minimized (pull effect).We present a polynomial time algorithm for this model along with some basic theoretical results, and generalize the results also to incorporate maximin and minimax objectives. In fact, the method works for any piecewise linear objective functions. Finally, we present some computational results.     

Vibrational spectra of cyclopentadienyl chlorides of titanium,zirconium and hafnium. internal rotation and thermodynamic functions

The infrared and Raman spectra of some cyclopentadienyl compounds of the transition metals, namely Ti(C₅H₅)Cl₃ and M(C₅H₅)₂Cl₂ (M = Ti, Zr and Hf), are reported and discussed. The infrared spectra of the gaseous species isolated in argon matrices at 10 K provide structural information about the single molecules. Particular attention has been paid to the low-frequency region in order to achieve more reliable assignments for the internal-rotation modes. The structural data and the fundamental frequencies derived from the spectra are employed in a calculation of the thermodynamic functions for these compounds in the ideal gas state.     

A branch and cut algorithm for hub location problems with single assignment

The hub location problem with single assignment is the problem of locating hubs and assigning the terminal nodes to hubs in order to minimize the cost of hub installation and the cost of routing the traffic in the network. There may also be capacity restrictions on the amount of traffic that can transit by hubs. The aim of this paper is to investigate polyhedral properties of these problems and to develop a branch and cut algorithm based on these results.Acknowledgement The research of the first author was partially supported by the Banque Nationale de Belgique. The research of the second author was supported by France Telecom R&D under contract no. 99 1B 774. Their support is gratefully acknowledged.     

A Film-Flow Model to Describe Free Water Transport during Drying of a Hygroscopic Capillary Porous Medium

In this work, a two-phase film-flow model in a hygroscopic capillary tube is developed and extended to describe the two-phase capillary viscous transport in a network of parallel capillary tubes in terms of relative permeabilities. This film-flow approach is further considered to predict the longitudinal moisture transport in oak wood during drying. Numerical results obtained from this prediction are compared with data of convective drying experiments performed on samples of this wood. The comparison seems to confirm the physical relevance of a film-flow model to correctly represent the moisture transfer until the hygroscopic regime is reached.     

Finite Volume Multilevel Approximation of the Shallow Water Equations

The authors consider a simple transport equation in one-dimensional space and the linearized shallow water equations in two-dimensional space, and describe and implement a multilevel finite-volume discretization in the context of the utilization of the incremental unknowns. The numerical stability of the method is proved in both cases.     

A one shot method for divertor target shape optimization

Shape optimization methods, as commonly applied in aerodynamic design applications, have recently been adapted for use in nuclear fusion divertor target design. The resulting algorithms are very efficient compared to the standard use of numerical edge plasma simulations as analysis tools only. In this paper, we highlight some numerical aspects of the underlying algorithm, focusing on a correct, nine-point discretization of the fluxes and the need for an adjoint pressure correction equation. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)