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21.
R. R. Silva L. A. Vieira Mendes K. H. Tsui R. A. De Simone Zanon A. L. de Oliveira C. E. Fellows 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2011,104(3):679-687
Nitrogen laser performance with TE configuration and wedge electrodes is analyzed with background ionization in the laser discharge channel by α particles at a low exposition rate. With the bias ionization, the laser power presents two peaks as a function of gas pressure, with one at the normal low pressure, without bias ionization, and the other at high pressure generated by bias ionization. A simple theoretical model has been developed in a trial to understand this behavior. This model was first tested in later results for a TE configuration nitrogen laser, with flat electrodes, without and with bias ionization. It has been observed that due to the competition between electrode shielding by positively charged α particles and bulk ionization by impact, the laser energy is suppressed with pressure below 50 Torr and enhanced above it. 相似文献
22.
Thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering results on thermal diffusion of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in ethanol/water mixtures are presented. In water-rich solvent mixtures, PEO is found to migrate towards regions of lower temperature. This is typical for polymer solutions and corresponds to a positive Soret coefficient of PEO. In solvent mixtures with low water content, however, the polymer is found to migrate towards higher temperatures, corresponding to a negative Soret coefficient of PEO in ethanol-rich solutions. To our knowledge, this is the first observed sign change of the Soret coefficient of a polymer in solution. We also present a simple lattice model for the polymer solvent system and calculate Soret coefficients with statistical mechanics methods. The calculated values agree qualitatively with the experimental results. 相似文献
23.
Thomas Brust Simone Draxler Stephan Malkmus Christine Schulz Marc Zastrow Karola Rück-Braun Wolfgang Zinth Markus Braun 《Journal of Molecular Liquids》2008,141(3):137
The ultrafast ring-opening reaction of the molecular switch 1,2-Dimethyl-3-indolylfulgide dissolved in acetonitrile is investigated by temperature dependent quantum efficiency measurements and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible spectral range. The photoreaction is found to be thermally activated with an activation energy of about 1640 cm− 1. The transient absorption signal is bi-exponential with the time constants τ1 = 0.7 ps and τ2 = 12 ps. The fast time constant is due to solvation dynamics, while the main component τ2 is attributed to the excited state lifetime and product formation. A long-lived intermediate state in the photoreaction can be excluded. 相似文献
24.
The stable adsorption sites for both Ga and N ions on the ideal and on the reconstructed LiNbO3 (0 0 0 1) surface are determined by means of first-principle total energy calculations. A single N layer is found to be more strongly bound to the substrate than a single Ga layer. The adsorption of a GaN monolayer on the polar substrate within different orientations is then modeled. On the basis of our results, we propose a microscopic model for the GaN/LiNbO3 interface. The GaN and LiNbO3 (0 0 0 1) planes are parallel, but rotated by 30° each other, with in-plane epitaxial relationship [1 0 0]GaN‖ [1 1 0]LiNbO3. In this way the (0 0 0 1) plane lattice mismatch between GaN and LiNbO3 is minimal and equal to 6.9% of the GaN lattice constant. The adsorbed GaN and the underlying LiNbO3 substrate have parallel c-axes. 相似文献
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Ceccherini S 《Optics letters》2005,30(19):2554-2556
In the retrieval of vertical profiles of atmospheric constituents, regularization methods are frequently used to improve the conditioning of the solution. The regularization reduces the retrieval errors and causes the vertical resolution to deteriorate. One obtains a trade-off by tuning the strength of the regularization by way of a regularization parameter. A new analytical method for determining the regularization parameter is presented. This method is suitable for operational retrievals, for which an unattended procedure is required. The performance of the new method is compared with that of the L-curve method, and the results show that a better trade-off between retrieval errors and vertical resolution is obtained. 相似文献
30.
Aubin C Bernard C Detar C Di Pierro M Freeland ED Gottlieb S Heller UM Hetrick JE El-Khadra AX Kronfeld AS Levkova L Mackenzie PB Menscher D Maresca F Nobes M Okamoto M Renner D Simone J Sugar R Toussaint D Trottier HD;Fermilab Lattice Collaboration;MILC Collaboration;HPQCD Collaboration 《Physical review letters》2005,95(12):122002
We present the first lattice QCD calculation with realistic sea quark content of the D+-meson decay constant f(D+). We use the MILC Collaboration's publicly available ensembles of lattice gauge fields, which have a quark sea with two flavors (up and down) much lighter than a third (strange). We obtain f(D+)=201+/-3+/-17 MeV, where the errors are statistical and a combination of systematic errors. We also obtain f(Ds)=249+/-3+/-16 MeV for the Ds meson. 相似文献