Synthetic methods for polyamine linkers and their application to combinatorial chemistry

Summary Polyamines and polyamine conjugates display a diverse range of important biological functions, ranging from antibiotics to immunosuppressants and glutamate receptor antagonists. For these reasons, polyamines provide an excellent template/scaffold for combinatorial chemistry. In this paper we present methods for the solid-phase immobilisation of polyamines for use in synthetic and combinatorial chemistry and describe how they have been employed in the preparation of a number of important polyamine conjugates and polyamine libraries. Thus, we have designed, synthesised and utilised a number of polyamine linkers for both solution and resin screening combinatorial application.     

New bifunctional anion-exchange resins for nuclear waste treatment

Additional¹ bifunctional anion-exchange resins have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to take up Pu(IV) from nitric acid solutions. Bifunctionality is achieved by adding a second anion-exchange site to the pyridine nitrogen (also an anion-exchange site) of the base poly(4-vinylpyridine) resin. Previous work focused on the effect of varying the chemical properties of the added site along with the length of an alkylene ‘spacer’ between the two sites. Here we examine four new 3- and 4-picolyl derivatives which maintain more rigidly defined geometries between the two nitrogen cationic sites. These materials, which have the two anion-exchange sites separated by three and four carbons, respectively, exhibit lower overall Pu(IV) distribution coefficients than the corresponding N-alkylenepyridium derivatieves with more flexible spacers. Methylation of the second pyridium site results in a ca. 20% increase in the Pu(IV) distribution coefficients.     

Further dynamical and experimental LEED results for a clean W<“001”-(1 × 1) surface structure determination

Full dynamical layer-doubling calculations have been made for comparison with precision LEED spectra for the clean W “001”-(l × 1) surface at approximately 470 K. Using 45 beams and 10 phase shifts, multi-layer spacing calculated spectra are critically compared with 12 experimental curves involving 5 different beams and 5 incidence angles. Both visual judgements and a semi-quantitative peak deviation/penalty evaluation yield the same result. A surface-bulk layer spacing of 1.51 ± 0.05 Å is concluded, a 4.4% contraction, in contrast to the most recent other determination of 1.40 ± 0.03 Å. This analysis re-emphasizes the need for a reliable and objective criterion for comparing observed and calculated LEED spectra, and corrects a potentially important input to the analysis of more complex systems. For example, at low temperatures (<370 K) the W “001” clean surface rearranges to a c(2 × 2) structure.     

On a boundary value problem in the theory of urine formation

A model of the renal medulla introduced by Shohet and Pinter takes the form of a linear two point boundary value problem. It is shown that this boundary value problem can be reduced to an initial value problem, which is of analytical interest and of computational utility.     

Double diffraction dissociation and test of pomeron factorization at the CERN ISR

We report the observation of double diffraction dissociation in the process p + p → (pπ⁺π^?) + X at √s of 45 GeV and momentum transfer in the ?t range 0.15?0.53 GeV² at the CERN ISR. The relative rates for elastic, single and double dissociation reactions measured here are found to agree with the prediction of Pomeron factorization.