X-ray photoelectron spectra of nickel halides: multiplet structure and multi-electron excitations in Ni2+ 3p and 2p shells

The satellite structure in the X-ray photoelectron spectra of nickel halides has been measured. The satellites found in the photoelectron spectra of Ni²⁺ 3p and 2p subshells have two common sources: multiples splitting and multi-electron excitations. The experimental spectra are compared with theoretical results on multiples splitting and with calculations of band structure.     

Formality of Donaldson submanifolds

We introduce the concept of s–formal minimal model as an extension of formality. We prove that any orientable compact manifold M, of dimension 2n or (2n−1), is formal if and only if M is (n−1)–formal. The formality and the hard Lefschetz property are studied for the Donaldson submanifolds of symplectic manifolds constructed in [13]. This study permits us to show an example of a Donaldson symplectic submanifold of dimension eight which is formal simply connected and does not satisfy the hard Lefschetz theorem. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Definite evidences for the population inversion of hot electrons in silver halides

Hot electron kinetics and distribution in pure AgCl and AgBr at crossed electric and magnetic fields have been investigated at 4.2 K up to E_x = 4kVcm^?1 and H_z = 58 kOe, by performing detailed studies of the galvanomagnetic effect in the transient condition. The results of measurements on the tangent of the Hall angle, tan θ, and on the probe current to the hot electron system along the direction of magnetic field, Q_z, established the pictures of an ideal streaming motion of electrons in the range ζ < 1 [where ζV_LO (sE_x/H_z)^?1 and $\text{1}\text{2}\text{m}{}^1\text{V}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>LO</mtext>}}{}^2\text{}\text{h}\text{?}\text{ω}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>LO</mtext>}}$] and of a population inversion of hot electrons in the range ζ > 1.     

The crystal and molecular structure of diaquadichlorotheophyllinecopper(II)

Summary The crystal structure of CuCl₂(C₇H₈N₄O₂)(H₂O)₂ has been determined from diffractometer data by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to R=0.067 for 2123 observed reflections. Unit cell constants are:a=9.930(8),b=9.987(8),c=7.483(6) Å,=123.2(1),=94.5(1),= 83.9(1)°. The space group is P¯1 withZ=2. The structure consists of diaquadichlorotheophyllinecopper(II) complexes linked by hydrogen bonds. The coordination polyhedron of copper is a square pyramid whose base, severely tetrahedrally distorted, is formed by a water molecule [Cu-Ow=2.025(7) Å], two chlorines [Cu-Cl=2.273(4), 2.296(4) Å] and an imidazole nitrogen [Cu-N=1.983(9) Å] from the theophylline ligand. A second water molecule is at the apex of the pyramid [Cu-Ow=2.292(7) Å]. Coordination is completed to a distorted octahedral one by a long Cu ... O=3.164(7) Å contact involving the exocyclic oxygen at C₆ of the theophylline ligand.     

Frequency and form as determinants of functor sensitivity in English-acquiring infants

High-frequency functors are arguably among the earliest perceived word forms and may assist extraction of initial vocabulary items. Canadian 11- and 8-month-olds were familiarized to pseudo-nouns following either a high-frequency functor the or a low-frequency functor her versus phonetically similar mispronunciations of each, kuh and ler, and then tested for recognition of the pseudo-nouns. A preceding the (but not kuh, her, ler) facilitated extraction of the pseudo-nouns for 11-month-olds; the is thus well-specified in form for these infants. However, both the and kuh (but not her-ler) facilitated segmentation for 8-month-olds, suggesting an initial underspecified representation of high-frequency functors.