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211.
We discuss the dynamics in the laser with an injected signal from a perturbative point of view showing how different aspects of the dynamics get their definitive character at different orders in the perturbation scheme. At the lowest order Adler's equation [Proc. IRE 34, 351 (1946)] is recovered. More features emerge at first order including some bifurcations sets and the global reinjection conjectured in Physica D 109, 293 (1997). The type of codimension-2 bifurcations present can only be resolved at second order. We show that of the two averaging approximations proposed [Opt. Commun. 111, 173 (1994); Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 9, 797 (1997); Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 8, 805 (1996)] differing in the second order terms, only one is accurate to the order required, hence, solving the apparent contradiction among these results. We also show in numerical studies how a homoclinic orbit of the Sil'nikov type, bifurcates into a homoclinic tangency of a periodic orbit of vanishing amplitude. The local vector field at the transition point contains a Hopf-saddle-node singularity, which becomes degenerate and changes type. The overall global bifurcation is of codimension-3. The parameter governing this transition is theta, the cavity detuning (with respect to the atomic frequency) of the laser. (c) 2001 American Institute of Physics. 相似文献
212.
Mario Delanote 《Journal of Geometry》2000,67(1-2):89-95
Consider the graph INQ(2m, 3) on the internal points of a quadric Q(2m, 3), where vertices are adjacent when non-orthogonal. We prove that form odd and under the condition of existence of an orthogonal spread, the graph INQ(2m, 3),m 3, is the point graph of a new semipartial geometry SPQ(2m, 3). 相似文献
213.
Jesú s Bastero Mario Milman Francisco J. Ruiz 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2000,128(1):65-74
For the classical Hardy-Littlewood maximal function , a well known and important estimate due to Herz and Stein gives the equivalence . In the present note, we study the validity of analogous estimates for maximal operators of the form
where denotes the Lorentz space -norm.
214.
Andrea D’Anna Mario Commodo Cristophe Allouis 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2007,31(1):621-629
Spectral optical techniques are combined to characterise the distribution of large-molecule soot precursors, nanoparticles of organic carbon, and soot in two turbulent non-premixed ethylene flames with differing residence times. Laser-induced fluorescence, laser-induced incandescence and light scattering are used to define distributions across the particle size distribution. From the scattering and laser-induced emission measurements it appears that two classes of particles are formed. The first ones are preferentially formed in the fuel-rich region of the flame closer to the nozzle, have sizes of the order of few nanometers but are not fully solid particles, because the constituent molecules still maintain their individual identity exhibiting strong broadband fluorescence in the UV. The second class of particles constituted by solid particles, with sizes of the order of tens of nanometers are able to absorb a sufficient number of photons to be heated to incandescent temperatures. These larger particles are formed at larger residence times in the flame since they are the result of slow growth processes such as coagulation or carbonization. The flames are also modeled in order to produce mixture fraction maps. A new discovery is that nanoparticles of organic carbon concentration, unlike soot, does correlate well with mixture fraction, independent of position in the flame. This is likely to be a significant benefit to future modelling of soot inception processes in turbulent non-premixed flames. 相似文献
215.
We consider overdetermined nonlinear systems of equationsF(x)=0, whereF:
n
m
,mn. For this type of systems we define weighted least square distance (WLSD) solutions, which represent an alternative to classical least squares solutions and to other solutions based on residual normas. We introduce a generalization of the classical method of Cimmino for linear systems and we prove local convergence results. We introduce a practical strategy for improving the global convergence properties of the method. Finally, numerical experiments are presented.Work supported by FAPESP (Grant 90/3724/6), FINEP, CNPq and FAEP-UNICAMP. 相似文献
216.
Gianni Zotti Giuseppe Pilloni Mario Bressan Mario Martelli 《Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry》1977,75(2):607-612
The electrochemical reduction of chlorodi-(1,3-bisdiphenylphosphinopropane)ruthenium(II)hexafluorophosphate, [RuCl(DPP)2](PF6), has been studied on the mercury electrode in 1,2-dimethoxyethane +0.1 M TBAP. The polarogram shows two reversible one-electron waves corresponding to the formation of [RuCl(DPP)2] and [RuCl(DPP)2]. Both products are unstable and decay through a disproportionation pathway and a fast internal metalation via Cl? elimination with formation of HRu(C6H4PPh·CH2CH2 CH2·PPh2)(DPP), respectively. The hypothesis is put forward that the geometry of a metal-complex can be one of the factors which allow us to obtain d7 monomeric complexes by electrochemical methods. 相似文献
217.
We describe a novel approach to the computation of free resolutions and of Betti numbers of polynomial modules based on a combination of the theory of involutive bases with algebraic discrete Morse theory. This approach allows for the first time to compute Betti numbers (even single ones) without determining a whole resolution which in many cases drastically reduces the computation time. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
218.
In polymer films carrying an excess of fixed charge the electrostatic penalty to bring ions of same charge from the bathing electrolyte into the film sets a membrane potential (Donnan Potential) across the film-electrolyte interface. This potential is responsible for the ionic permselectivity observed in polyelectrolyte membranes. We have used electrochemical measurements to probe the dependence of the Donnan potential on the acid-base equilibrium in layer-by-layer self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers. The voltammperogram peak position of the Os(III)/Os(II) couple in self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers comprised of poly(allylamine) derivatized with Os(bpy)(2)PyCl+ and poly(vinylsulfonate) was recorded in solutions of increasing ionic strength for different assembly and testing solution pH. Protonation-deprotonation of the weak redox poly(allylamine) changes the fixed charge population in the as prepared (intrinsic) self-assembled redox polyelectrolyte multilayers. For films assembled in solutions of pH higher than the test solution pH, the Donnan plots (E(app) vs log C) exhibit a negative slope (anionic exchanger) while for films assembled at lower pH than that of the test solution positive slopes (cationic exchanger) are apparent. The ion exchange mechanism has been supported by complementary electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy experiments demonstrated that the as prepared films have a memory effect on their protonation state during assembly, which leads to the observed dependence of the Donnan potential on the adsorption pH. 相似文献
219.
Mirco Cosottini Ilaria Pesaresi Patrizia Maritato Gina Belmonte Arianna Taddei Ferdinando Sartucci Mario Mascalchi Luigi Murri 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2010
Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response related to interictal activity was evaluated in a patient with post-traumatic focal epilepsy at repeated continuous electroencephalogram (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Lateralized interictal EEG activity induced a main cluster of activation co-localized with the anatomical lesion. Spreading of EEG interictal activity to both frontal lobes evoked bilateral clusters of activation indicating that topography of BOLD response might depend on the spatial distribution of epileptiform activity. 相似文献
220.
ZDM – Mathematics Education - We report on a study focused on identifying how undergraduate students make use of the Internet as a source of help to solve their mathematical queries. In... 相似文献