Second Order Reductions of the WDVV Equations Related to Classical Lie Algebras

We construct second order reductions of the generalized Witten--Dijkgraaf--Verlinde--Verlinde system based on simple Lie algebras. We discuss to what extent some of the symmetries of the WDVV system are preserved by the reduction.     

New ultrasonically prepared Co-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

An extensive study of different preparation methods for Co/SiO2 catalysts is reported in this paper. In addition to the conventional impregnation, other more innovative methods are used including ultrasound. The prepared samples are fully characterized and tested in the CO hydrogenation (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis). The best catalytic performance, both as CO conversion and hydrocarbons selectivity, is shown by one of the sample prepared using ultrasound.     

Primitive Inner Illuminating Systems for Convex Bodies

A set X of boundary points of a (possibly unbounded) convex body KE ^d illuminating K from within is called primitive if no proper subset of X still illuminates K from within. We prove that for such a primitive set X of an unbounded, convex set KE ^d (distinct from a cone) one has X=2 if d=2, X6 if d=3, and that there is no upper bound for X if d4.     

Quartz Crystal Microbalance monitoring the real-time binding of lectin with carbohydrate with high and low molecular mass

A Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) was used to monitor the mass changes on a quartz crystal surface containing immobilized lectins that interacted with carbohydrates. The strategy for lectin immobilization was developed on the basis of a multilayer system composed of Au–cystamine–glutaraldehyde–lectin. Each step of the immobilization procedure was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The system was used to study the interactions of Concanavalin A (ConA) with maltose and Jacalin with Fetuin. The real-time binding of different concentrations of carbohydrate to the immobilized lectin was monitored by means of QCM measurements and the data obtained allowed for the construction of Langmuir isotherm curves. The association constants determined for the specific interactions analyzed here were (6.4 ± 0.2) × 10⁴ M^− 1 for Jacalin–Fetuin and (4.5 ± 0.1) × 10² M^− 1 for ConA–maltose. These results indicate that the QCM constitutes a suitable method for the analysis of lectin–carbohydrate interactions, even when assaying low molecular mass ligands such as disaccharides.     

Ligand–macromolecule complexes: affinity index determination by selective nuclear relaxation analysis

Proton NMR selective and non-selective spin–lattice relaxation rate measurements were used to monitor the strength of the overall complexation behaviour of a ligand (carbamazepine) toward a macromolecular receptor (albumin). The ‘affinity index,’ a quantitative parameter related to the strength of the ligand–macromolecule interaction, was determined from the experimental contribution of the bound ligand molar fraction to the observed selective spin–lattice relaxation rate. The effect of a second ligand (lamotrigine) on the carbamazepine–albumin interaction was also investigated and was found to have a modulation effect on the carbamazepine–albumin interaction. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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