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31.
32.
A technique for measuring the size and displacement of the disperse phase in two planes of a two-phase flow is presented. Digital image plane holography (DIPH) is used for the simultaneous recording and independent reconstruction of both planes. Each fluid plane is illuminated with two laser sheets propagating in opposite directions. The defocused image fields are holographically recorded at 90°, and can be reconstructed either in a defocused or in the best-focused plane. The analysis of the images in a defocused plane provides the sizes, while the cross-correlation of the focused images provides the velocity field, as in a regular particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment. For air bubbles freely drifting in glycerine, diameters from 50 m to 400 m and displacements of up to 300 m have been measured. 相似文献
33.
Butler M Mañez PA Cabrera GM 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2011,22(3):545-556
Differentiation between two isomers of hydroxypyridine N-oxide according to the metal cation adducts generated by electrospray ionization (ESI) was investigated for different metal
cations, namely Mg (II), Al (III), Ca (II), Sc (III), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Ga (III), besides the
diatomic cation VO(IV). Protonated molecules of the isomeric hydroxypyridine N-oxides as well as the singly/doubly charged adducts formed from neutral or deprotonated ligands and a doubly/triply charged
cation were produced in the gas phase using ESI, recording mass spectra with different metal ions for each isomer. While complex
formation was successful for 2-hydroxypyridine N-oxide with trivalent ions, in the case of 3-hydroxypyridine N-oxide, only peaks related to the protonated molecule were present. On the other hand, divalent cations formed specific species
for each isomer, giving characteristic spectra in every case. Hence, differentiation was possible irrespective of the metal
cation utilized. In addition, quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory were performed in order
to gain insight into the different complexation of calcium(II) with the isomers of hydroxypyridine N-oxide. The relative stability in the gas phase of the neutral complexes of calcium made up of two ligands, as well as the
singly charged and doubly charged complexes, was investigated. The results of these calculations improved the understanding
of the differences observed in the mass spectra obtained for each isomer. 相似文献
34.
An experimental design optimization is reported of an analytical procedure used in the simultaneous determination of seven non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in bovine milk by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). This analytical procedure involves a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) step and an aqueous derivatization procedure of the NSAIDs to ethyl esters in bovine milk. The following NSAIDs are studied: ibuprofen (IBP), naproxen (NPX), ketoprofen (KPF), diclofenac (DCF), flufenamic acid (FLF), tolfenamic acid (TLF) and meclofenamic acid (MCL). Three kinds of SPME fibers - polyacrylate (PA), polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) - are compared to identify the most suitable one for the extraction process, on the basis of two steps: to determine the equilibrium time of each fiber and to select the fiber that provides the best figures-of-merit values calculated with three-way PARAFAC-based calibration models at the equilibrium time. The best results were obtained with the PDMS fiber. Subsequently, 8 experimental factors (related to the derivatization reaction and the SPME) were optimized by means of a D-optimal design that involves only 14 rather than 512 experiments in the complete factorial design. The responses used in the design are the sample mode loadings of the PARAFAC decomposition which are related to the quantity of each NSAID that is extracted in the experiment. Owing to the fact that each analyte is unequivocally identified in the PARAFAC decomposition, a calibration model is not needed for each experimental condition. The procedure fulfils the performance requirements for a confirmatory method established in European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. 相似文献
35.
We show that closed Chen-Willmore rotational hypersurfaces of nonnegative curved real space forms are shaped on closed hyperelastic
curves of the hyperbolic plane. Then, we study the variational problem associated to this class of curves, proving that there
exist a rationally dependent family of closed solutions. They give rise to the first non-trivial examples of Chen-Willmore
hypersurfaces in real space forms.
Research partially supported by a MCYT-FEDER grant No. BFM2001-2871-C04 and by a UPV grant 9/UPV00127.310-13574/01. 相似文献
36.
M.A. López-Manchado J.L. Valentín J. Carretero F. Barroso M. Arroyo 《European Polymer Journal》2007,43(10):4143-4150
The influence of inorganic nanoparticles on crosslinking mechanism of elastomers has been evaluated by applying the tube model on equilibrium statistical mechanics. The results have shown that a highly ordered structure with a huge amount of entanglements, wherein the polymer is nanoscopically confined, is formed by the addition of nanoparticles. These physical links exhibit freedom of movement under stretching, but in a lower volume because of confinement. That is, network molecular parameters such as lateral tube dimensions or average molecular mass of the chains decreased in presence of nanoparticles. 相似文献
37.
Maribel Navarro Clara Hernández Flor Vásquez Helen Goitia Luis E. Ojeda Mait Velásquez Germán Fraile 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2008,33(7):893-898
Antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine are beneficial agents in systemic lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. In this work, two
new chloroquine diphosphate (CQDP) complexes containing Zn(II) and Au(III) of formula Zn(CQDP)(NO3)2 (1) and Au(CQDP)Cl3 (2), respectively, were synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. To examine their possible
anti-inflammatory properties, the new derivatives were tested in the range from 1 to 100 μM on the respiratory burst of isolated
human neutrophils (PMNs) as well as in whole blood. In isolated PMNs, complex 1 inhibited the isoluminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (IL-CL) only at the highest concentration tested, whereas in the whole
blood assay, 10 μM of this complex was sufficient to significantly inhibit the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (L-CL).
On the contrary, complex 2 dose-dependently inhibited the IL-CL but affected the L-CL only at 100 μM. In conclusion, both complexes are more active
than CQDP and may be useful for future treatment of diseases resulting from exacerbated neutrophil functions. 相似文献
38.
39.
Michael DG Adamson P Alexopoulos T Allison WW Alner GJ Anderson K Andreopoulos C Andrews M Andrews R Arms KE Armstrong R Arroyo C Auty DJ Avvakumov S Ayres DS Baller B Barish B Barker MA Barnes PD Barr G Barrett WL Beall E Becker BR Belias A Bergfeld T Bernstein RH Bhattacharya D Bishai M Blake A Bocean V Bock B Bock GJ Boehm J Boehnlein DJ Bogert D Border PM Bower C Boyd S Buckley-Geer E Bungau C Byon-Wagner A Cabrera A Chapman JD Chase TR Cherdack D Chernichenko SK Childress S Choudhary BC 《Physical review letters》2006,97(19):191801
This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current nu(mu) interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336+/-14 events. The data are consistent with nu(mu) disappearance via oscillations with |Delta(m)2/32|=2.74 +0.44/-0.26 x10(-3)eV(2) and sin(2)(2theta(23))>0.87 (68% C.L.). 相似文献
40.
We prove an asymptotic Lipschitz estimate for value functions of tug-of-war games with varying probabilities defined in Ω ? ?n. The method of the proof is based on a game-theoretic idea to estimate the value of a related game defined in Ω ×Ω via couplings.
相似文献