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41.
Results of using a field spectrophotometer and its appropriate protocols as a surrogate method for an oilfield produced water treatment process is presented. Methylene chloride extractions of the produced water before and after treatment maintained a yellow color pigment that was directly proportional to the hydrocarbon concentration. From this, an absorption spectrum and standard curve were developed. A resultant linear plot of the standard curve indicated that there is an excellent correlation (r2=0.9847) between the varying concentrations and the associated absorbance values at a wavelength of 400 nm. Total n-alkane concentration comparisons between the laboratory GC/MS analysis and the spectrophotometry analysis generated data of similar accuracy and precision at concentrations ranging from 1 to 137 mg/l (alpha=0.05). Linear comparisons between GC/MS and spectrophotometric coefficients were near unity, with the constant being near zero, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.99. Based on this study, spectrophotometry is a complimentary method to GC/MS for determining total n-alkane concentrations in oilfield produced water samples. 相似文献
42.
F. R. Díaz L. Gargallo C. Lizana S. Gilbert 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1979,17(7):2181-2191
New thermally stable polyamides were prepared by interfacial polymerization of the title compounds and various aliphatic and aromatic diamines. The polymers were characterized by infrared spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The molecular weights of the polymers were estimated by viscosity measurements. The influence of the halogen content on the thermal properties and degree of polymerization of the polymers was studied. One of the polyamides was fractionated to determine the degree of polydispersity. 相似文献
43.
Gar B. Hoflund Richard E. Gilbert Orlando Melendez 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》1994,52(2):357-365
The chemisorption of CO on a sputtered and annealed polycrystalline Pt surface has been examined using ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Data obtained from an isotopic TPD experiment indicate that adsorption is molecular with no detectable CO dissociation. ISS data demonstrate that the CO bonds to the Pt through the C with the O pointing away from the surface and that about 80% of the Pt surface is covered at saturation based on the relative sizes of the ISS Pt peak heights obtained from the clean and CO-saturated surfaces. Coverage versus exposure plots have been determined from both the ISS and TPD data, and the agreement is generally good. The sticking coefficient is close to 1 up to =0.5 and than falls rapidly with increasing exposure to the saturation exposure of 90 L. The Kisliuk adsorption model, which assumes adsorption at a single type of site, is able to provide a good fit of the ISS uptake data but is not as successful in fitting the TPD uptake data. 相似文献
44.
Jianhong Shen Gilbert Strang 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》1996,124(12):3819-3833
To study wavelets and filter banks of high order, we begin with the zeros of . This is the binomial series for , truncated after terms. Its zeros give the zeros of the Daubechies filter inside the unit circle, by . The filter has additional zeros at , and this construction makes it orthogonal and maximally flat. The dilation equation leads to orthogonal wavelets with vanishing moments. Symmetric biorthogonal wavelets (generally better in image compression) come similarly from a subset of the zeros of . We study the asymptotic behavior of these zeros. Matlab shows a remarkable plot for . The zeros approach a limiting curve in the complex plane, which is the circle . All zeros have , and the rightmost zeros approach (corresponding to ) with speed . The curve gives a very accurate approximation for finite . The wide dynamic range in the coefficients of makes the zeros difficult to compute for large . Rescaling by allows us to reach by standard codes.
45.
The reaction of tungstate ions with the gamma-10-tungstosilicate in mixed water-ethanol (v/v) yields the corresponding isomer of the 12-tungstosilicate isolated as its tetrabutylammonium salt. It was characterized by means of (183)W NMR, infrared, Raman, and UV spectroscopies and was identified with the isomer resulting from the Keggin structure (alpha-isomer) by rotation of two tritungstic groups by pi/3. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the reducibility increases in the sequence alpha-beta-gamma as the number of rotated tritungstic groups. Whereas the gamma-12-tungstosilicate anion is unstable in pure aqueous solution whatever the pH value, it is stable in mixed aqueous-organic or pure organic solvents, even at boiling temperatures. In contrast, the two- and four-electron-reduced blue species are stable in aqueous media but not the one-electron-reduced blue. Study of the (183)W NMR spectrum of the two-electron-reduced species showed that the two spin-paired electrons are delocalized on all the W atoms on the NMR time scale but have a larger residency time on one group of four atoms. 相似文献
46.
Gribble GW Switzer FL Bushweller JH Jewett JG Brown JH Dion JL Bushweller CH Byrn MP Strouse CE 《The Journal of organic chemistry》1996,61(13):4319-4327
The (1)H NMR spectra of 10-benzyl-9,11-diphenyl-10-azatetracyclo[6.3.0.0.(4,11)0.(5,9)]undecane (BnPh(2)()) and 10-methyl-9,11-diphenyl-10-azatetracyclo[6.3.0.0.(4,11)0.(5,9)]undecane (MePh(2)()) decoalesce due to slowing inversion at nitrogen and to slowing isolated bridgehead phenyl rotation. The high nitrogen inversion barriers in MePh(2)() (DeltaG() = 12.2 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol at 250 K) and BnPh(2)() (DeltaG() = 10.6 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol at 215 K) are typical of tertiary amines in which at least one C-N-C bond angle is constrained to a small value. Compared to the minuscule rotation barriers about sp(2)-sp(3) carbon-carbon bonds in simple molecular systems, the bridgehead phenyl rotation barriers in MePh(2)() (DeltaG() = 9.8 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol at 210 K) and BnPh(2)() (DeltaG() = 9.8 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol at 210 K) are unusually high. Molecular mechanics calculations (MMX force field) suggest that the origin of the high phenyl rotation barriers lies in the close passage of an o-phenyl proton and a methyl (or benzylmethylene) proton in the transition state. BnPh(2)() crystallized from hexane as white needles in the monoclinic system Pn. Unit cell dimensions are as follows: a = 12.198(1) ?, b = 6.1399(6) ?, c = 14.938(2) ?, beta = 107.470(4) degrees, V = 1067.1(2) ?(3), Z = 2. In the crystal molecular structure, the imine bridge CNC bond angle in BnPh(2)() is constrained to a small value (96 degrees ). The benzylic phenyl group is oriented gauche to the nitrogen lone pair. 相似文献
47.
Approximation by translates of refinable functions 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
Summary.
The functions
are
refinable if they are
combinations of the rescaled and translated functions
.
This is very common in scientific computing on a regular mesh.
The space of approximating functions with meshwidth
is a
subspace of with meshwidth
.
These refinable spaces have refinable basis functions.
The accuracy of the computations
depends on , the
order of approximation, which is determined by the degree of
polynomials
that lie in .
Most refinable functions (such as scaling functions in the theory
of wavelets) have no simple formulas.
The functions
are known only through the coefficients
in the refinement equation – scalars in the traditional case,
matrices for multiwavelets.
The scalar "sum rules" that determine
are well known.
We find the conditions on the matrices
that
yield approximation of order
from .
These are equivalent to the Strang–Fix conditions on the Fourier
transforms
, but for refinable
functions they can be explicitly verified from
the .
Received
August 31, 1994 / Revised version received May 2, 1995 相似文献
48.
49.
Gottfried Lichti Brian S. Hawkett Robert G. Gilbert Donald H. Napper David F. Sangster 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1981,19(4):925-938
Data are presented on the time evolution of particle-size distributions (PSDs) in seeded and ab initio styrene emulsion polymerization systems. Initiation was by chemical reagent (potassium persulfate) or γ-radiation. The unswollen PSDs at various times during interval II of the polymerization were obtained by direct measurement of calibrated electron micrographs. Experimental results were fitted with the equations that describe the time evolution of an initial PSD. Analytic solutions to these equations that allow for entry, exit, and propagation of free radicals were obtained. The values of the rate coefficients for these processes used to fit the experimental data were in excellent agreement with those obtained from dilatometric kinetics experiments. 相似文献
50.