Whole-body protein turnover in nephrotic subjects: a comparison between different degrees of proteinuria

In contrast to the increased hepatic albumin synthesis in subjects with proteinuria, little is known about the corresponding whole-body protein turnover rates (WPTR). The WPTR and the reutilisation rates (R) were investigated in 20 patients divided in three groups of different degrees of proteinuria (groups I-III: < 1, 1-3, > 3 g/m2/day, respectively). [15N]glycine was administered as a single oral pulse. Urine samples were taken over 2 days. After removing urinary proteins by trichloracetic acid, 15N-enrichment in the supernatant was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. A three-compartment model was used to calculate WPTR and R, which showed a statistically significant difference between groups I and III (2.64 vs. 4.63 g/kg/day, and 70.4% vs. 80.8%, respectively, P < 0.01), whereas the net protein gain remained unchanged (0.13 vs. 0.22 g/kg/day). The higher the protein loss the higher the WPTR and the corresponding R. The severe protein loss provokes increased WPTR and R as well.     

Enantiomeric separation of basic compounds using heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-cyclodextrin in combination with potassium camphorsulfonate in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis: optimization by means of an experimental design

The enantiomeric separation of a series of basic pharmaceuticals (beta-blockers, local anesthetics, sympathomimetics) has been investigated in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) systems using heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-cyclodextrin (HDMS-beta-CD) in combination with potassium camphorsulfonate (camphorSO3-). For this purpose, a face-centered central composite design with 11 experimental points was applied. The effect of the concentrations of HDMS-beta-CD and camphorSO3- on enantioresolution was statistically evaluated and depended largely on the considered analyte. The presence of camphorSO3- was found to be particularly useful for the enantioseparation of compounds with high affinity for the anionic CD. CamphorSO3- seems to act as a competitor, reducing the affinity for the CD, probably by ion-pair formation with these analytes. For compounds with lower affinity for HDMS-beta-CD, the combination of camphorSO3- and the CD appeared to have a favorable effect on enantioresolution only if the optimal CD concentration could be reached. On the other hand, for compounds characterized by a very low affinity for the anionic CD, the association of camphorSO3- and HDMS-beta-CD is always unfavorable. Finally, experimental conditions were selected by means of the multivariate approach in order to obtain the highest resolution (Rs) value for each studied compound.     

Color center laser optogalvanic spectroscopy of lithium,barium, neon and argon Rydberg states in hollow cathode discharges

Numerous infrared transitions between Rydberg states of neon and argon have been measured by optogalvanic spectroscopy in commercial hollow cathode lamps using a color center laser operating in the range 3600–4100 cm^-1. Transitions in lithium and barium atoms sputtered from the cathodes were also detected. The generality and high sensitivity of this technique indicates potential applications for frequency calibration in the infrared, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, and plasma diagnostics.     

Eine neue M?glichkeit zur Bestimmung von Kakaoabfall-Extraktionsfetten neben Kakaopre?fetten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Inactivation of Photosensitizing Merocyanine Dyes by Plasma, Serum and Serum Components

Abstract— Merocyanine dyes with an oxygen in the electron donor heterocycle were rapidly degraded by plasma, serum and serum components. Replacement of the oxygen by a sulfur or selenium atom rendered the dyes refractory to degradation. The degradation of labile merocyanine dyes was temperature dependent and oxygen independent. The plasma component that was responsible for the degradation of merocyanine dyes was sensitive to heat and detergent, suggesting an enzymatic process. The identification of the structural requirements for sensitivity/resistance to degradation provides the experimenter with a simple means to manipulate the stability of mer-ocyanines in high serum or plasma environments and may expand the clinical utility of merocyanine photosen-sitizers beyond their traditional role in the extracorporeal purging of bone marrow grafts.     

Eichinvariante Berechnung des Diamagnetismus und der chemischen Verschiebung

The procedure described in^1,2 was used to calculate the magnetic susceptibility contributions of C-H bonds to the diamagnetism of various hydrocarbons. It was found a correlation between these C-H-bond contributions and the bond lengths. The transferability of the evaluated C-H-bond susceptibilities from one molecule to another is discussed.