Self-collimation of light in disordered left-handed metamaterials

Transmission of light through a left-handed slab is studied theoretically. The slab consists of randomly distributed electric and magnetic scatterers. In a practical realization these could be wire and split ring resonators forming a disordered metamaterial. Enhanced transmission close to the middle of the slab is demonstrated. It is explained canalization of source image through self-collimated channels. Existence of self-collimated channels localized on the surface of the slab is demonstrated and a possibility of sub-wavelength imaging by such a system is discussed.     

Laser-produced plasma EUV source based on tin-rich, thin-layer?targets

In this paper a new approach to a laser-produced plasma EUV source based on a tin target is presented. A?thin layer of pure tin and composite layers consisting of Sn with Si, SiO and LiF are investigated. The target composed of several thin layers produces less debris than the other targets and provides a conversion efficiency (CE) in the 13.5-nm±1% band at least comparable to the CE for the pure tin slab target. The largest CE was observed for the target composed of a mixture of Sn and LiF, due to the fact that lithium, similarly to tin, is a strong emitter at 13.5?nm.     

The Cubical Cohomology Ring: An Algorithmic Approach

A cohomology ring algorithm in a dimension-independent framework of combinatorial cubical complexes is developed with the aim of applying it to the topological analysis of high-dimensional data. This approach is convenient in the cup-product computation and motivated, among others, by interpreting pixels or voxels in digital images as cubes. The S-complex theory and so called co-reductions are adopted to build a cohomology ring algorithm speeding up the algebraic computations.     

1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions of new 2,5-bifunctionalized five-membered cyclic nitrones

A new family of five-membered cyclic nitrones bearing functional groups at positions 2 and 5 were tested in 1,3-cycloadditions with various dipolarophiles. These reactions gave the corresponding cycloadducts as single diastereomers in high yields. The reaction scope was examined, 23 compounds were isolated and fully characterized. The comparison of the reactivity was carried out by a study of reaction conversions while different nitrones or dipolarophiles were used. In addition, the exceptional reactivity of nitrone bearing benzylamino group in position 2 was studied. The formation of the nitrone complex and evaluation of its reactivity in 1,3-DC is presented.     

Phosphino-(α-sulfinylalkyl)phosphonium ylide complexes (Rh,Pd) with a configurationally stable asymmetric ylidic carbon

The synthesis and structure of Rh(I) and Pd(II) complexes of chiral P,C-chelating phosphino-(α-sulfinylalkyl)phosphonium ylide ligands with a trisubstituted asymmetric ylidic center P⁺–C1R(S1(O)p-Tol)–M (R = alkyl group) have been investigated, and compared to those of the analogous disubstituted ylide complexes (R = H). Reaction of the ethyl onium ylide of o-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene with (?)-menthyl-(S)-p-tolylsulfinate afforded the corresponding racemic erythro phosphino-(α-sulfinylethyl)phosphonium in 90% de (R = Me). The racemization process is interpreted by a Berry-like pseudorotation mechanism driven by the steric repulsion between the α-methyl substituent and the bulky menthyloxy S-substituent or sulfur lone pair in the intermediate ylide-sulfinyl adduct. The ylide of phosphino-(α-sulfinylethyl)phosphonium reacts with [Rh(cod)₂][PF₆] and PdCl₂(MeCN)₂ to afford the corresponding P,C1-chelated threo-Rh(I) and erythro-Pd(II) mononuclear complexes in 70% yield and total diastereoselectivity. These respective complexes act as efficient catalytic precursors for the hydrogenation of (Z)-α-acetamidocinnamic acid and allylic substitution of 3-acetoxy-1,3-diphenyl-1-propene with sodium dimethyl malonate. The bonding features of the erythro-Pd(II) complex exhibiting a sulfinyl O?Pd interaction are studied theoretically at the DFT level using ELF and MESP analyses. The η²-P,C haptomeric form of the ylide ligand is estimated to compete at 19% with the η¹-C haptomeric form dominating at 81%.     

Investigation of InSb(1 1 0) and InSb(1 1 1) surfaces by means of target current (VLEED) spectroscopy and LEED

In this paper, we present experimental results of target current (TCS) and LEED investigation of well-oriented InSb(1 1 0) and InSb(1 1 1)-A and InSb(1 1 1)-B crystals. TCS results are interpreted in terms of very low electron diffraction (VLEED) and empty band signatures. To examine to which extent the TCS spectra reflect the bulk or surface electronic properties of InSb(1 1 0), thin layers of indium have been evaporated and the corresponding spectrum changes have been investigated.     

Error Bounds: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions

The paper presents a general classification scheme of necessary and sufficient criteria for the error bound property incorporating the existing conditions. Several derivative-like objects both from the primal as well as from the dual space are used to characterize the error bound property of extended-real-valued functions on a Banach space.     

On fuzzy multi-valued functions, part 4: Fuzzy economic models

An application to fuzzy economic systems of the fuzzy multi-valued functions theory elaborated by both of us in our previous papers is presented. First, stationary and dynamic fuzzy economic models are defined. Next the optimality of fuzzy trajectories of these models is introduced and investigated.     

Ueber den elektrischen Widerstand konzentrierter SchwefelsÄure und die Theorie der Hydratation von Kolloiden

Ohne Zusammenfassung