Synthesis,characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation of high-magnetization multifunctional nanoclusters

The paper presents the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoclusters coated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA). Electron microscopy analysis (SEM) evidences that magnetite nanoparticles are closely packed into the clusters stabilized with EDTA with well-defined near spherical shapes and sizes in the range 100–200 nm. From XRD measurements, we determined the mean size of the crystallites inside the magnetic cluster about 36 nm. The saturation magnetization determined for the magnetic clusters stabilized with EDTA has high value, about 81.7 emu/g at 300 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine both the elemental and chemical structure of the magnetic cluster surface. In vitro studies have shown that the magnetic clusters at low doses did not induce toxicity on human umbilical vein endothelial cells or lesions of the cell membrane. In contrast, at high doses, the magnetic clusters increased the lipid peroxidation and reduced the leakage of a cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in parallel with increasing the antioxidant defense.

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Graphical abstract SEM images of EDTA-coated magnetic clusters (MCs) and the HUVEC viability at different MC doses

     

Alcune classi di epimorfismi d’anelli

Riassunto Si indicano una costruzione e alcune proprietà del morfismo terminale nella categoria degli epimorfismi iniettivi di dato dominioA, conA anello commutativo unitario ridotto. Si considerano poi certi epimorfismi di dominioA, detti ?S-spezzamenti irriducibili? (S⊂A). GliS-spezzamenti irriducibili a codominio ridotto risultano parametrizzati (a meno di isomorfismi) dai chiusi di una opportuna topologia su SpecA.

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Summary LetA be any reduced commutative ring with 1. Consider the category of injective ring-epimorphisms with domainA. In the first part of this paper, a construction and some properties of a final morphism in the above category are shown. In the second part, some special epimorphisms with domainA are considered, which are called irreducible ?S-spezzamenti?. A parametrization of the collection of irreducible ?S-spezzamenti? (up to isomorphisms) is given, by the collection of closed sets of a suitable topology on SpecA.

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Lavoro eseguito nell’ambito del Gruppo Nazionale Strutture Algebriche e Geometriche e Applicazioni del C.N.R.     

Principi variazionali nella teoria lineare delle miscele di due solidi elastici

Riassunto In questa nota gli Autori stabiliscono dei principi variazionali che caratterizzano in maniera completa il più generale problema ai limiti sia della statica sia della dinamica di una miscela isotropa di due solidi elastici lineari. Questi principi sono del tutto generali poichè non si richiede agli stati o processi ammissibili di soddisfare ad alcuna delle equazioni di campo e delle condizioni iniziali o al contorno. Tale risultato viene ottenuto esprimendo i problemi considerati in forma operazionale.

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Summary In this paper the Authors establish variational principles which characterize the most general boundary-value problem for statics and dynamics of an isotropic mixture of two linear elastic solids. These principles are completely general because the admissible states or processes are not required to meet any of the field equations, boundary or initial conditions and they are obtained by expressing the problems in operator form.

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Il lavoro è stato eseguito nell’ambito del Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica del C.N.R.     

Synthesis of modified vermiculite by interaction with aromatic heterocyclic amines

Vermiculite of general formula [Si_6.85Al_1.15][Mg_4.68Al_0.51Fe_0.63]O₂₀(OH)₄Ca_0.128Na_0.032K_0.094 reacted with heteroaromatic amines α-, β-, and γ-picolines from aqueous solution. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The intercalated nanocompounds maintained the crystallinity and changed the original interlayer distance of 1422 pm to 1474, 1456, and 1474 pm, for the sequence of the guest picoline molecules. Natural and intercalated vermiculite can remove copper at the solid/liquid interface; removal 0.40 mmol g⁻¹ was obtained for the original matrix, and 1.10, 0.92, and 1.33 mmol g⁻¹ for the intercalated forms. These values are near the capacity of cation exchange (CEC) of this clay mineral, which can be possibly used as source of copper removal from aqueous solution.     

Real time ellipsometry for monitoring plasma-assisted epitaxial growth of GaN

GaN is grown on Si-face 4H-SiC(0 0 0 1) substrates using remote plasma-assisted methods including metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (RP-MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Real time spectroscopic ellipsometry is used for monitoring all the steps of substrate pre-treatments and the heteroepitaxial growth of GaN on SiC. Our characterization emphasis is on understanding the nucleation mechanism and the GaN growth mode, which depend on the SiC surface preparation.     

Ring intermittency in coupled chaotic oscillators at the boundary of phase synchronization

A new type of intermittent behavior is described to occur near the boundary of the phase synchronization regime of coupled chaotic oscillators. This mechanism, called ring intermittency, arises for sufficiently high initial mismatches in the frequencies of the two coupled systems. The laws for both the distribution and the mean length of the laminar phases versus the coupling strength are analytically deduced. Very good agreement between the theoretical results and the numerically calculated data is shown. We discuss how this mechanism is expected to take place in other relevant physical circumstances.     

Singlet-triplet transition in a quantum dot: effect on mesoscopic transport

The T=0 transport properties of a wire interacting with a lateral two-level quantum dot are studied by using an exact numerical calculation. The wire conductance, the spin–spin correlation and the Kondo temperature are obtained as a function of the dot level energy spacing. When the dot has two electrons and spin S_D1, the wire current is totally quenched by the S=1 Kondo effect. The Kondo temperature is maximum at the singlet–triplet transition and its dependence upon the dot energy spacing follows a non-universal scaling law.     

Pure phase correlation with improved discrimination capability

Pure phase correlation with improved discrimination capability is proposed. The improvement is achieved by designing a region of support based on the discrimination capability (DC). We propose four approaches for designing this region; some of them consider the input scene in the design, while others are input scene invariant. The performances of these approaches are compared by numerical simulation. The DC is improved significantly for the multi-object scenes even when using an input scene invariant region of support design.