Fejér means of functions on noncommutative Vilenkin groups with respect to the character system

Summary It is known that the Fejér means - with respect to the character system of the Walsh, and bounded Vilenkin groups - of an integrable function converge to the function a.e. In this work we discuss analogous problems on the complete product of finite, not necessarily Abelian groups with respect to the character system for functions that are constant on the conjugacy classes. We find that the nonabelian case differs from the commutative case. We prove the a.e. convergence of the (C,1) means of the Fourier series of square integrable functions. We also prove the existence of a function f∊L^q for some q >1 such that sup |σ_n f | = + ∞ a.e. This is a sharp contrast between the Abelian and the nonabelian cases.     

Order Embeddings with Irrational Codomain: Debreu Properties of Real Subsets

The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of the set of irrational numbers as the codomain of order-preserving functions defined on topological totally preordered sets. We will show that although the set of irrational numbers does not satisfy the Debreu property it is still nonetheless true that any lower (respectively, upper) semicontinuous total preorder representable by a real-valued strictly isotone function (semicontinuous or not) also admits a representation by means of a lower (respectively, upper) semicontinuous strictly isotone function that takes values in the set of irrational numbers. These results are obtained by means of a direct construction. Moreover, they can be related to Cantor’s characterization of the real line to obtain much more general results on the semicontinuous Debreu properties of a wide family of subsets of the real line.      

A simple proof of Sanov’s theorem*

A simple self-contained proof of Sanov's theorem in τ-topology is given, well suited for a first course on large deviations. *This work was supported by the Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research under Grant T046376     

RNA self-splicing and energy localization

We establish a mechanism for energy localization in regions of the sugar-phosphate RNA backbone which leads to the formation of transesterification or hydrolysis hot spots. In particular, our results account for the site specificity of the covalent cyclization and cycle reopening in the catalytic intervening sequence (IVS) of a ribosomal RNA.     

Spectral hole burning of photosynthetic antenna of blue-green algae

Photosystem II core antenna of blue-green algae Synechococcus isolated in gel was studied by optical hole burning spectroscopy at 4·2 K. Persistent holes were burned into fluorescence spectra throughout the region 680–696 nm. The hole width extrapolated to zero burning fluence yielded a value 1·0±0·2 cm^–1. A theoretical interpretation of the hole profile in fluorescence is presented. The dependence of saturated hole depth on burning wavelength is related to inhomogeneous site distribution function.Authors would like to thank F. Vácha from the Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature Sciences, Charles University, for the preparation of the samples.     

Asymptotic Behavior of Sobolev-Type Orthogonal Polynomials on a Rectifiable Jordan Curve or Arc

Our object of study is the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of polynomials orthogonal with respect to the discrete Sobolev inner product <formula> \langle f, g \rangle = ∈t_{E} f(ξ) \overline{g(ξ)} ρ(ξ) |d ξ|+ f(Z) A g(Z)^H, </formula> where E is a rectifiable Jordan curve or arc in the complex plane f(Z) = (f(z_1), \ldots, f^{(l_1)}(z_1) , \ldots , f(z_m) , \ldots ,f^{(l_m)}(z_m)), A is an M \times M Hermitian matrix, M l ₁ + ⋅s + l _m + m , |d ξ| denotes the arc length measure, ρ is a nonnegative function on E , and z _i ∈Ω, i=1,2,\ldots,m , where Ω is the exterior region to E . July 23, 1999. Dates revised: September 11, 2000 and February 16, 2001. Date accepted: February 26, 2001.     

The phase composition of tin-nickel electrodeposited alloys

It was studied the tin phase composition of the electrodeposited alloys produced at different temperatures and current densities from an acid chloride/fluoride electrolyte and an acid chloride bath. Mössbauer spectra were consistent with a Ni₃Sn₄ intermetallic compound, dissolved tin, and a Cu?Sn intermetallic compound formed at the interface of the copper substrate.     

Dynamics of a pair of coupled nonlinear oscillators

A pair of coupled classical oscillators with a general potential and general form of coupling is investigated. For general potentials, the single-frequency solution is shown to be stable for small excitations. For special potentials, such system remains stable for an arbitrary excitation. In both cases, the stability does not depend on the form of coupling. Transition to the instability regime follows from the way how nonlinear potential entrains the energy transfer between the oscillators. Relation between the existence of multi-frequency quasi-periodic or periodic solutions and the instability of single-frequency ones is discussed.     

Teaching analytical properties

A new way of expounding analytical properties based on their mutual dependence (complementary and contradictory relationships) and their unequivocal connection with analytical quality facets is presented. To this end, the paper provides answers to the obvious questions that arise in dealing with the subject: why?, how?, when? and where to teach analytical properties in the Analytical Chemistry curriculum?