Compatible statistical interpretation of a wave packet

A compatible statistical interpretation of a wave packet is proposed. De Broglian probabilities which unite wave and particle features of quantons are evaluated for free wave packets and Jor a superposition of wave packets. The obtained expressions provide a very plausible and physically appealing explanation of coherence in apparently incoherent beams and of the characteristic modulation of the momentum distribution, found recently in neutron interferometry combined with spectral filtering. Certain conclusions about dualism and objectivity in quantum domain are also derived.     

Reinforcing effect of bi- and tri-cyclopolyprenols on ‘primitive’ membranes made of polyprenyl phosphates

Cholesterol plays the role of membrane reinforcer in eukaryotes, whereas hopanoids play the same role in bacteria. Which components could have reinforced ‘primitive’ membranes? We describe here an efficient biomimetic synthesis of bi- and tri-cyclopolyprenols and demonstrate that these compounds reinforce the membranes of polyprenyl phosphate, which we speculated as ‘primitive’ membranes.     

The lattice of subfields of a radical extension

Let x^m ? a be irreducible over F with char $\text{F?m}$ and let α be a root of x^m ? a. The purpose of this paper is to study the lattice of subfields of $\text{F(α)}\text{F}$ and to this end $\text{C(}\text{F(α)}\text{F}\text{, k)}$ is defined to be the number of subfields of F(α) of degree k over $\text{F. C(}\text{F(α)}\text{F}\text{, p}{}^{\mathrm{n}}\text{)}$ is explicitly determined for p a prime and the following structure theorem for the lattice of subfields is proved. Let N be the maximal normal subfield of F(α) over F and set n = |N : F|, then $\text{C(}\text{F(α)}\text{F}\text{, k) = C(}\text{F(α)}\text{F}\text{, (k, n)) = C(}\text{N}\text{F}\text{, (k, n))}$. The irreducible binomials x^s ? b, x^s ? c are said to be equivalent if there exist roots β^s = b, γ^s = a such that F(β) = F(γ). All the mutually inequivalent binomials which have roots in F(α) are determined. Finally these results are applied to the study of normal binomials and those irreducible binomials x^2e ? a which are normal over F (char F ≠ 2) together with their Galois groups are characterized.     

Conformational behavior of styrene–p-chlorostyrene triblock copolymers in dilute solutions. I. Composition dependence of conformational behavior

Dilute solution properties of (styrene-p-chlorostyrene) triblock copolymers in various solvents were studied over a wide range of molecular weight and composition. Viscosity and osmotic pressure results indicate that the conformational behavior of the B_mA_nB_m and A_mB_nA_m copolymers (A = styrene; B = p-chlorostyrene; m and n denote the number of units) are similar in nonselective solvents such as toluene and 2-butanone, but different in selective solvents such as carbon tetrachloride and cumene. Short-range and long-range interaction parameters of the block copolymers were determined by applying the Stockmayer–Fixman method to viscosity data and also by application of the equation relating the osmotic virial coefficient and the excluded volume. The results show that the unperturbed dimensions of the block copolymers vary linearly with composition, and long-range interaction parameters in nonselective solvents can be expressed by those of the parent homopolymers, the chemical composition, and values of the interaction parameter β_AB between styrene and p-chlorostyrene monomeric units.     

Cell culture on polymers prepared by radiation-induced polymerization of various glass-forming monomers

The growth of cells on polymers prepared by the radiation polymerization of monomethacrylate and dimethacrylate was investigated. Cell growth was affected greatly by such properties of the polymers as water content, wettability, and porosity. Growth was promoted remarkably by rinsing the polymers with warm water at 60-70 degrees C and by irradiation of polymers with an electron beam. Cell growth decreased with increasing oxyethylene length (n) in the polymerized dimethacrylate of same series, CH2C(CH3)CO(OCH2CH2)nOCOC(CH3)CH2. A decrease in the hydrophilicity of the polymer increased cell growth rate. Formation of pore structures in the polymer films also increased the cell growth.     

Dissociation processes of Kr2(+) and Kr3(+) studied by threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence measurements

A time-of-flight (TOF) ion mass spectrum in coincidence with threshold photoelectrons was measured in the photon energy region between the first and second dissociation limits of Kr2(+) to examine the decay processes of the Kr2(+) II(1/2u) state. The measured TOF spectrum reveals that Kr+ fragment ions are produced through dissociation of the repulsive I(1/2g) state, which can be formed by the decay process of the II(1/2u) state accompanied with emission of photons. The potential-energy curve of the I(1/2g) state is deduced with detailed analysis of the observed TOF spectrum, in which the radiative lifetime of the II(1/2u) state was also derived to be 2.5 micros. Additionally, evidence of the dissociation process of Kr3(+) ions was obtained in the same photon energy region, where the dominant channel is Kr3(+) --> Kr2(+) + Kr.