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61.
Milo? Luká? Ivan Lacko Marián Bukovsky Zuzana Kyselová Janka Karlovská Branislav Horváth Ferdinand Devínsky 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2010,8(1):194-201
We synthesized nine quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATs) starting from phenylalanine, N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromides, which were prepared as optically pure substances. Five compounds
were prepared as S-enantiomers and four compounds as R-enantiomers. These compounds were evaluated by their activities against bacteria and fungi. Three microbial strains were
used in the study: the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungi Candida albicans. The activities were expressed as minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations (MBC). The most active compounds were
(2S)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide and (2R)-N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-2-ammonium bromide, with MBC values exceeding those of commercial benzalkoniumbromide
(BAB) used as standard. The relationships between structure and biological activity of the tested QUATs were quantified by
the bilinear model (QSAR) and are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Recent experiments with heavy ions and planned experiments with ultraintense lasers require nonperturbative solutions to quantum field theory for predicting and interpreting the results. To propel this theoretical direction, we solve the nonperturbative problem of an electron in a strong transverse confining potential using Hamiltonian light-front quantum field theory. We evaluate both the invariant mass spectra and the anomalous magnetic moment of the lowest state for this two-scale system. The weak external field limit of the anomalous magnetic moment agrees with the result of QED perturbation theory within the anticipated accuracy. 相似文献
63.
Hämäläinen SK Sun Z Boneschanscher MP Uppstu A Ijäs M Harju A Vanmaekelbergh D Liljeroth P 《Physical review letters》2011,107(23):236803
Despite the enormous interest in the properties of graphene and the potential of graphene nanostructures in electronic applications, the study of quantum-confined states in atomically well-defined graphene nanostructures remains an experimental challenge. Here, we study graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with well-defined edges in the zigzag direction, grown by chemical vapor deposition on an Ir(111) substrate by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We measure the atomic structure and local density of states of individual GQDs as a function of their size and shape in the range from a couple of nanometers up to ca. 20 nm. The results can be quantitatively modeled by a relativistic wave equation and atomistic tight-binding calculations. The observed states are analogous to the solutions of the textbook "particle-in-a-box" problem applied to relativistic massless fermions. 相似文献
64.
65.
Masatoshi Hasegawa Daiki Hirano Mari Fujii Misako Haga Eiichiro Takezawa Shinya Yamaguchi Atsushi Ishikawa Takashi Kagayama 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(3):575-592
This work presents novel colorless polyimides (PIs) derived from 1R,2S,4S,5R‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (H″‐PMDA). Isomer effects were also discussed by comparing with PI systems derived from conventional hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride, that is, 1S,2R,4S,5R‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (H‐PMDA). H″‐PMDA was much more reactive with various diamines than H‐PMDA, and the former led to PI precursors with much higher molecular weights. The results can be explained from the quite different steric structures of these isomers. The thermally imidized H″‐PMDA‐based films were colorless regardless of diamines because of inhibited charge‐transfer interaction. In particular, the H″‐PMDA/4,4′‐oxydianiline system simultaneously achieved a very high Tg exceeding 300 °C, high toughness (elongation at break > 70%), and good solution processability. In contrast, the H‐PMDA‐based counterparts were essentially insoluble. The outstanding solubility of the former probably results from disturbed chain stacking by its nonplanar steric structure. An advantage of chemical imidization process is also proposed. In some cases, a copolymerization approach with an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride was effective to improve the thermal expansion property. The results suggest that the H″‐PMDA‐based PI systems can be promising candidates for novel high‐temperature plastic substrate materials in electronic paper displays. A potential application as optical compensation film materials in liquid crystal displays (LCD) is also proposed in this work. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013 相似文献
66.
Glycosides of Monoallyl Diethylene Glycol. A New Type of Spacer Group for Synthetic Oligosaccharides
V. Fernandez-santana J. R. Mariño-Albernas V. Verez-bencomo C. S. Perez-martinez 《Journal of carbohydrate chemistry》2013,32(3):531-537
Abstract The preparation of spacer-armed synthetic oligosaccharides, which can be coupled to either proteins or polymers for use respectively as immunogens or immunoadsorbants for affinity chromatography, is today an important field in chemistry. The methoxycarbonyloctyl glycosides developed by Lemieux and coworkers1 are frequently used and remain the most popular. Other glycosides with amide,2 thioether, 3 and ether4 type spacer groups have also been employed. Recently, an alternative to coupling to proteins appeared when copolymerization of allyl glycosides with acrylamide provided excellent immunogens.5 相似文献
67.
J. Kurpeta G. Lhersonneau A. Płochocki J.C. Wang P. Dendooven A. Honkanen M. Huhta M. Oinonen H. Penttilä K. Peräjärvi J.R. Persson J. Äystö 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2002,13(4):449-460
The decay of neutron-rich isotope 113Ru obtained as on-line mass separated product of proton-induced fission has been investigated by γγ coincidence and spectrum
multiscaling measurements. Decay schemes for both low- and high-spin isomers of 113Ru have been constructed. The level scheme of 113Rh is considerably extended. Systematics of the lowest-lying rhodium levels is smooth. The picture of shape coexistence established
for neutron-rich Rh isotopes near-neutron midshell is confirmed with the observation of a K = 1/2 deformed band, with its 3/2+ state at 600 keV being the lowest-lying level and of probable 7/2+
and 5/2+
band members. A large fraction of β feeding is found to populate high-lying levels in 113Rh. The GT strength in 113Rum decay is significantly larger than for the decay of 113Rug and of lighter rhodium isotopes.
Received: 18 January 2001 / Accepted: 14 January 2002 相似文献
68.
The field distribution and propagation constant are solved for a multilayer waveguide structure including a non-linear layer. Jacobian elliptic functions are found suitable as the non-linear solutions, because they lead to a numerical solution for a large variety of parameters, covering the range of non-linearity from zero to about the largest values found in any material. SiO
x
N
y
was chosen for the waveguide material and the organic conjugated polymers and liquid crystal MBBA for the overlayer. The effect of various waveguide parameters is studied and the potential applications are discussed. 相似文献
69.
Kövér Michal Behúlová Mária Drienovský Marián Motyčka Petr 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2015,122(1):151-156
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The main aim of this article was to describe the methodology for the measurement of specific heat using the laser flash apparatus. The obtained values... 相似文献
70.
Using controlled radical polymerization to confirm the lower critical solution temperature of an N‐(alkoxyalkyl) acrylamide polymer in aqueous solution
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Xeniya Savelyeva Lucia Li Milan Marić 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(1):59-67
N‐(3‐Methoxypropyl) acrylamide (MPAM) was polymerized by controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods such as nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) and reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization (RAFT). CRP was expected to yield well‐defined polymers with sharp lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transitions. NMP with the BlocBuilder (2‐([tert‐butyl[1‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl]amino]oxy)‐2‐methylpropanoic acid) and SG1 ([tert‐butyl[1‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl]amino] oxidanyl) initiating system revealed low yields and lack of control (high dispersity, ? ~ 1.5–1.6, and inhibition of chain growth). However, RAFT was far more effective, with linear number average molecular weight, , versus conversion, X, plots, low ? ~ 1.2–1.4 and the ability to form block copolymers using N,N‐diethylacrylamide (DEAAM) as the second monomer. Poly(MPAM) (with = 13.7–25.3 kg mol?1) thermoresponsive behavior in aqueous media revealed cloud point temperatures (CPT)s between 73 and 92 °C depending on solution concentration (ranging from 1 to 3 wt %). The and the molecular weight distribution were the key factors determining the CPT and the sharpness of the response, respectively. Poly(MPAM)‐b‐poly(DEAAM) block copolymer ( = 22.3 kg mol?1, ? = 1.41, molar composition FDEAAM = 0.38) revealed dual LCSTs with both segments revealing distinctive CPTs (at 75 and 37 °C for poly(MPAM) and poly(DEAAM) blocks, respectively) by both UV–Vis and dynamic light scattering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 59–67 相似文献