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41.
N.?LeprovostEmail author L.?Marié B.?Dubrulle 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2004,39(1):121-129
A stochastic model is derived to predict the turbulent torque produced by a swirling flow. It is a simple Langevin process, with a colored noise. Using the unified colored noise approximation, we derive analytically the PDF of the fluctuations of injected power in two forcing regimes: constant angular velocity or constant applied torque. In the limit of small velocity fluctuations and vanishing inertia, we predict that the injected power fluctuates twice less in the case of constant torque than in the case of constant angular velocity forcing. The model is further tested against experimental data in a von Karman device filled with water. It is shown to allow for a parameter-free prediction of the PDF of power fluctuations in the case where the forcing is made at constant torque. A physical interpretation of our model is finally given, using a quasi-linear model of turbulence.Received: 29 January 2004, Published online: 18 June 2004PACS:
47.27.-i Turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer - 47.27.Eq Turbulence simulation and modeling 相似文献
42.
Tellez MR Khan IA Schaneberg BT Crockett SL Rimando AM Kobaisy M 《Journal of chromatography. A》2004,1025(1):51-56
A new method involving concurrent solid-phase microextraction combined with continuous hydrodistillation of essential oil was developed. This new methodology allowed for the detection by GC-MS of very small amounts of a diagnostic peak for the authentication of Ephedra sinica, in a short period of time and using only small sample sizes. This diagnostic peak was identified as 4-vinylanisole, and elucidated from the chromatographic profile allowed for the identification of a sample as E. sinica among other species investigated in this study. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on using continuous solid-phase microextraction coupled to hydrodistillation for the investigation of essential oil components, and the first report of 4-vinylanisole as a marker compound for E. sinica. A total of 46 collections representing 21 species of Ephedra were studied. 相似文献
43.
L.?Marié J.?Burguete F.?DaviaudEmail author J.?Léorat 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,33(4):469-485
A numerical study of the magnetic induction equation has
been performed on von Kármán type flows. These flows are
generated by two co-axial counter-rotating propellers in
cylindrical containers. Such devices are currently used in the
von Kármán sodium (VKS) experiment designed to study dynamo
action in an unconstrained flow. The mean velocity fields have
been measured for different configurations and are introduced in
a periodic cylindrical kinematic dynamo code. Depending on the
driving configuration, on the poloidal to toroidal flow ratio
and on the conductivity of boundaries, some flows are observed
to sustain growing magnetic fields for magnetic Reynolds numbers
accessible to a sodium experiment. The response of the flow to
an external magnetic field has also been studied: The results
are in excellent agreement with experimental results in the
single propeller case but can differ in the two propellers case. 相似文献
44.
Marián Slodička 《Applications of Mathematics》2003,48(1):49-66
In this paper, we consider a 2nd order semilinear parabolic initial boundary value problem (IBVP) on a bounded domain N, with nonstandard boundary conditions (BCs). More precisely, at some part of the boundary we impose a Neumann BC containing an unknown additive space-constant (t), accompanied with a nonlocal (integral) Dirichlet side condition.We design a numerical scheme for the approximation of a weak solution to the IBVP and derive error estimates for the approximation of the solution u and also of the unknown function . 相似文献
45.
Mariël G. Pikkemaat 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,395(4):893-905
Monitoring of food products from animal origin for the presence of antimicrobial residues is preferably done using microbial
screening methods because of their high cost-effectiveness. Traditionally applied methods fail to detect the maximum residue
limits which were established when EU Council Regulation 2377/90 came into effect. Consequently, during the last decade this
has led to the development of improved microbial screening methods. This review provides an overview of the efforts expended
to bring antibiotic screening methods into compliance with EU legislation. It can be concluded that the current situation
is still far from satisfactory. 相似文献
46.
Mariá Ernestina Chávez Rodríguez Angel López Gómez 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2001,40(1):95-104
The only pair of binary classical essential connectives for which the Artin braid relation holds is a distributive lattice, i.e. the Boolean disjunction and conjunction of 相似文献
47.
The response characteristics of the solid state cyanide ion selective electrode towards some benzylnitriles are investigated. In 10M KOH solution, the electrode exhibits nearly Nernstian response over the concentration range of 10–2 to 10–4
M of various substituted benzylnitriles with an anionic slope of 53–59 mV/concentration decade. The response time varies from 10 to 20 min depending on both the nature of the substituent group and the concentration of the nitrile compound. Direct potentiometric measurement of some nitrile compounds at the concentration level of 0.01 to 1 mg/ml shows an average recovery of 98.2% and a mean standard deviation of 2.3%. Many nitrogen functional groups do not interfere. 相似文献
48.
49.
Rapid solidification processing (cooling rate from the interval 105–106 K s−1) was used to prepare deeply undercooled cryolite-alumina melts. Such prepared samples were analyzed by the XRD method. Besides
cryolite, XRD patterns belonging to ι-Al2O3 were recorded. The influence of annealing on the XRD patterns of deeply undercooled melts was also investigated. 相似文献
50.
Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) of copper by liquid bismuth is investigated at 300°C. It is shown that a very rapid damage is due to the synergy between the external stress and the phenomenon of intergranular penetration (IGP). Tests of IGP, i.e. without external stress, were done at 300°C and at 600°C and have resulted in strong intergranular embrittlement due to the formation of nanometer-thick intergranular films, as measured and quantified by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The formation of these films is discussed with respect to apparently non-zero dihedral angles at 600°C. A general procedure based on mechanical testing and AES measurements, to check whether IGP has occurred or not, is outlined. This procedure can be seen as an alternative way to determine the wetting transition temperature. The presence of nanometer-thick films due to IGP is discussed with respect to the LME mechanisms. 相似文献