Calorimetric investigations of the MBr−NdBr3 melts (M=Li,Na, K,Cs)

Present work is a part of thermodynamic research program on the MX?LnX₃ system (M=alkali metal,X=Cl, Br andLn=lanthanide). Molar enthalpies of mixing in the LiBr?NdBr₃, NaBr?NdBr₃ and KBr?NdBr₃ liquid binary systems have been determined at temperature 1063 K by direct calorimetry in the whole range of composition. Investigated systems are generally characterized by negative enthalpies of mixing with minimum atX _NdBr3≈0.3–0.4. These enthalpies decrease with decrease of ionic radii of alkali metals. Molar enthalpies of solid-solid and solid-liquid phase transitions of K₃NdBr₆ and Cs₃NdBr₆ have been also determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). K₃NdBr₆ is formed at 689 K from KBr and K₂NdBr₅ with enthalpy of 44.0 kJ·mol^?1 whereas Cs₃NdBr₆ is stable at ambient temperature and undergoes phase transition in the solid state at 731 K with enthalpy of 8.8 kJ·mol^?1. Enthalpies of melting have been also determined.     

Polyaniline: evidence of oxygen–polarons interactions to explain the high selectivity values in oxygen/nitrogen gas permeation experiments

High selectivity between oxygen and nitrogen has been found by gas permeation with doped polyaniline. Because of the small difference in kinetic diameters, solubility rather than diffusion may explain the preferential oxygen permeation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements have been performed to check whether interactions of oxygen with polarons in polyaniline exist. A tenfold decrease in the spin number was observed when the polymer was in the presence of oxygen rather than nitrogen. This result was interpreted as being due to interactions between oxygen triplet states and polarons of polyaniline.     

An upper limit to the cross section for the reaction νμe−→νμe− at SPS energies

Candidates for the purely leptonic process $\text{ν}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{→}\text{ν}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ have been searched for in the bubble chamber Gargamelle exposed to the CERN-SPS antineutrino wide-band beam. No single e^?, of energy greater than 1 GeV, was found in a total of 230 000 pictures, corresponding to 7400 charged current events. This leads to an upper limit for the observed cross section of $\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>obs</mtext>}}\text{< 1.6 × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?42}}\text{(}\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{\nu }}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{GeV}\text{)}$ cm² (90% C.L.). Interpretation of this value in terms of the standard W Weinberg-Salam model yields an upper limit to the mixing parameter sin²θ_W < 0.39 at 90% C.L.     

7α,11β-diacetoxydihydronomilin,a new tetranortriterpenoid from cedrelamexicana

Spectroscopic and chemical evidence is presented in support of the structure of 7α,11β-diacetoxydihydronomilin (I) obtained from a benzene extract of the dehisced fruit capsules of $\text{Cedrela}$$\text{mexicana}$.     

Adsorption d'eau sur la kaolinite: Influence de la nature des sites actifs

Water adsorption on kaolinite is a specific cooperative adsorption which does not satisfy the fundamental hypothesis of the BET theory.The adsorption isotherms on different homoionic samples show the effect of the hydration energy of the active sites (exchangeable cations) on quantitative adsorption data.The corresponding calorimetric curves present a maximum which characterizes interactions in the adsorbed phase. A relationship is apparent between these interactions and the electric field or the polarizability of the fixed cation, these factors determining the nature of the bond between the surface and cation.From the experimental data, we may propose an approximative value for the number of molecules which compose the primary hydration sheath of the active sites.     

Crystal structure of protogenkwanin,C16H14O6

The crystal structure of protogenkwanin, C₁₆H₁₄O₆, has been determined by single-crystal diffraction methods. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=6.804(4),b=7.457(3),c=26.234(3)Å,=95.66(2)° andZ=4. A total of 3275 unique reflection intensities were recorded on a Rigaku AFC6R diffractometer (MoK radiation) at room temperature. The structure was solved by direct methods and electron density calculations. Full-matrix least-squares refinement gaveR=0.058 for 1257 observed [I>3(I)] reflections. Thecrystal structure confirms results from earlier studies on protogenkwanin and elucidates the steric orientation of the hydroxyl substituents of the cyclohexadiene ring: the hydroxyl groups aretrans orientated.     

Monitoring dynamic systems with multiparameter fluorescence imaging

A new general strategy based on the use of multiparameter fluorescence detection (MFD) to register and quantitatively analyse fluorescence images is introduced. Multiparameter fluorescence imaging (MFDi) uses pulsed excitation, time-correlated single-photon counting and a special pixel clock to simultaneously monitor the changes in the eight-dimensional fluorescence information (fundamental anisotropy, fluorescence lifetime, fluorescence intensity, time, excitation spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, fluorescence quantum yield, distance between fluorophores) in real time. The three spatial coordinates are also stored. The most statistically efficient techniques known from single-molecule spectroscopy are used to estimate fluorescence parameters of interest for all pixels, not just for the regions of interest. Their statistical significance is judged from a stack of two-dimensional histograms. In this way, specific pixels can be selected for subsequent pixel-based subensemble analysis in order to improve the statistical accuracy of the parameters estimated. MFDi avoids the need for sequential measurements, because the registered data allow one to perform many analysis techniques, such as fluorescence-intensity distribution analysis (FIDA) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), in an off-line mode. The limitations of FCS for counting molecules and monitoring dynamics are discussed. To demonstrate the ability of our technique, we analysed two systems: (i) interactions of the fluorescent dye Rhodamine 110 inside and outside of a glutathione sepharose bead, and (ii) microtubule dynamics in live yeast cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe using a fusion protein of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) with Minichromosome Altered Loss Protein 3 (Mal3), which is involved in the dynamic cycle of polymerising and depolymerising microtubules.     

Review of the thermodynamic and transport properties of EuBr<Subscript>2</Subscript>–RbBr binary system

Differential Scanning Calorimetry was used to study phase equilibrium in EuBr₂–RbBr binary system. It was established that this system includes two eutectics and three stoichiometric compounds. First of them, Rb₂EuBr₄, decomposes peritectically at 778 K. Second one, RbEuBr₃, undergoes the solid–solid phase transition at 732 K and melts incongruently at 852 K. Third compound, RbEu₂Br₅, melts congruently at 888 K. The composition and temperature values of eutectics were determined as x(EuBr₂) = 0.316; T _eut = 776 K and x(EuBr₂) = 0.797; T _eut = 859 K. Mixing enthalpy was measured by direct calorimetry on the whole composition range. The minimum of the mixing enthalpy occurs around the composition x(EuBr₂) ≈ 0.4. The electrical conductivity of liquid mixtures was also investigated over the whole composition range and measured down to temperatures below solidification. The specific conductance (liquid phase) plotted against the mole fraction of EuBr₂ shows a broad minimum at x(EuBr₂) ~ 0.6. The activation energy for conductivity changes with temperature. Results obtained are discussed in terms of possible complex formation.