铅蓄冷材料的二级脉冲管制冷机研究

采用多级方案是高频脉冲管制冷机获得低于20 K以下制冷温度的主要方法,以不锈钢金属丝网为蓄冷材料的二级高频脉冲管制冷机,实验已经达到了20 K以下温度.理论上讲,由于热容大,以铅为主的蓄冷材料比不锈钢更适合40～10 K温区工作,这在低频回热制冷机中得到了证明.本文介绍了我们采用不同铅球和铅网为低温蓄冷材料的研究结果.实验表明,小铅球对于高频脉冲管制冷机是不很合适的,导致制冷温度的明显升高.镀铅的不锈钢丝网和已有不锈钢丝网的性能相似,可进一步深入研究.该研究对于20 K以至更低温度的高频回热制冷机研究有一定的借鉴意义.     

Response of bare 1-3 piezocomposite array to localized electrical excitation

The theoretical response of a 1-3 piezocomposite plate submitted to localized electrical excitation was studied with the theory of guided waves. The theoretical modeling was based on the global matrix method, and the piezocomposite material was considered as a homogeneous medium. To validate the theoretical results, experimental displacement measurements were performed with an interferometric probe on two piezocomposite plates, one with a single element and one with an array of electrodes. The measured response on the single-element plate was mainly supported by the S0 and S3 modes of the plate. Homogenization limits of the composite in terms of frequency and wave number are defined on the basis of data from this sample. Within these limits, the piezocomposite material operates as a homogeneous medium, and comparison between theoretical and experimental results allows the equivalent electroacoustic parameters to be evaluated. A second sample was measured to study the effects of the electrode array on the electroacoustic response of the plate. Two kinds of electrical excitation were studied.     

Uncertainty-based experimental validation of nonlinear reduced order models

This paper presents the first results of a combined experimental–computational investigation focused on the validation of reduced order models of geometrically nonlinear structures in the presence of uncertainty. The validation approach considered here is based on the premise that the model is valid if the experimental results can be considered as random sample responses of the stochastic system of which the reduced order model is the mean. For the situation considered here, the power spectra of the experiments should lie within the 2nd and 98th percentiles of the response (forming the uncertainty band) of the stochastic model. Nominally clamped–clamped beams are considered to demonstrate the entire process. The construction of two mean reduced order models and their stochastic counterparts are first performed. Then, the validation effort is carried out by comparing experimentally obtained power spectra and their corresponding computational uncertainty bands. This process leads, for both reduced order models, to a very good representation of the important upper envelope (98th percentile) of the experimental data but a less good fit of the lower envelope (2nd percentile).     

The RATIO method for time‐resolved Laue crystallography

A RATIO method for analysis of intensity changes in time‐resolved pump–probe Laue diffraction experiments is described. The method eliminates the need for scaling the data with a wavelength curve representing the spectral distribution of the source and removes the effect of possible anisotropic absorption. It does not require relative scaling of series of frames and removes errors due to all but very short term fluctuations in the synchrotron beam.     

Single-element ultrasonic transducer modeling using a hybrid FD–PSTD method

In a recent publication [E. Filoux, S. Callé, D. Certon, M. Lethiecq, F. Levassort, Modeling of piezoelectric transducers with combined pseudospectral and finite-difference methods, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123 (6) (2008) 4165–4173], a new finite-difference/pseudospectral time-domain (FD–PSTD) algorithm was presented and used to model the generation of acoustic waves by a piezoelectric resonator and their propagation in the structure and the surrounding water. In this paper, the model has been extended to simulate the two-dimensional behaviour of a complete single-element transducer, composed of the resonator, a backing and a front matching layer. This further version of the model takes into account the mechanical loss in materials, and enables the calculation of electrical impedance, which is a characteristic of high interest to optimize the performance of ultrasonic transducers. The impedance curves of a PZT [URL: http://www.ferroperm-piezo.com (last viewed 04/2008); B. Jaffe, R.S. Roth, S. Marzullo, Piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate-lead titanate solid-solution ceramics, J. Appl. Phys. 25 (1954) 809–810] plate-based high-frequency transducer, with a 50 MHz thickness resonant frequency, were compared to those of a KLM model [R. Krimholtz, D.A. Leedom, G.L. Matthei, New equivalent circuit for elementary piezoelectric transducers, Electron. Lett. 6 (1970) 398–399] in the one-dimensional case. The acoustical properties were also found to be in good agreement with those obtained using the finite element (FE) method of ATILA^® software in two-dimensional configuration.     

Neurofibrillary tangles and plaques are not accompanied by white matter pathology in aged triple transgenic-Alzheimer disease mice

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is the most common cause of dementia in aging populations. Although senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are well-established hallmarks of AD, changes in cerebral white matter correlate with cognitive decline and may increase the risk of the development of dementia. We used the triple transgenic (3xTg)-AD mouse model of AD, previously used to show that white matter changes precede plaque formation, to test the hypothesis that MRI detectable changes occur in the corpus callosum, external capsule and the fornix. T₂-weighted and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and histological stains were employed to assess white matter in older (11–17 months) 3xTg-AD mice and controls. We found no statistically significant changes in white matter between 3xTg-AD mice and controls, despite well-developed neurofibrillary tangles and beta amyloid immunoreactive plaques. Myelin staining was normal in affected mice. These data suggest that the 3xTg-AD mouse model does not develop MRI detectable white matter changes at the ages we examined.     

Plasma decomposition of carbon-bearing reactants

The decomposition of benzene and acetylene in electric carbon arc and non-equilibrium discharge plasmas was studied in order to produce carbon gas. The composition of various gaseous and condensed products (fullerenes, amorphous carbon and graphite, amino acids, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons) were analysed and discussed in relation to the operating parameters.     

Non-compact quantum groups associated with Abelian subgroups

LetG be a Lie group. For any Abelian subalgebra of the Lie algebra g ofG, and any , the difference of the left and right translates ofr gives a compatible Poisson bracket onG. We show how to construct the corresponding quantum group, in theC ^*-algebra setting. The main tool used is the general deformation quantization construction developed earlier by the author for actions of vector groups onC ^*-algebras.The research reported on here was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DMS-9303386.     

Activation of superior colliculi in humans during visual exploration

Background  

Visual, oculomotor, and – recently – cognitive functions of the superior colliculi (SC) have been documented in detail in non-human primates in the past. Evidence for corresponding functions of the SC in humans is still rare. We examined activity changes in the human tectum and the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) in a visual search task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and anatomically defined regions of interest (ROI). Healthy subjects conducted a free visual search task and two voluntary eye movement tasks with and without irrelevant visual distracters. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals in the SC were compared to activity in the inferior colliculi (IC) and LGN.     

Transients in all-optical bistability using transverse optical pumping: Observation of critical slowing down

We report on the transient response of an all-optical bistable device to step-inputs of light. The nonlinear mechanism used for bistable switching relies on transverse optical pumping within the Zeeman sublevels of the sodium ground state. Our measurements demonstrate the crucial role of critical slowing down for switching time. We also find that time-dependent diffusion processes can strongly affect the dynamics of this bistable device. Numerical calculations are shown to yield results in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.