Propagation of super-Gaussian field distributions

The near- and far-field propagation of initially super-Gaussian field distributions is discussed. upon propagation, the beam profile is shown to undergo distortions of a magnitude which increases with the super-Gaussian order. These distortions can lead to a significant increase of the on-axis intensity in the near-field. The beam quality, evaluated both in terms of the beam parameter product and theM ² factor, is shown to decrease as the super-Gaussian order gets larger. These calculations also illustrate the difficulties associated with theM ² factor when characterizing the propagation of a beam with increasingly sharp edges. The effect of the transmission of the super-Gaussian field through a super-Gaussian graded-reflectivity mirror (GRM) is also discussed. The results of this study have direct implication in the domain of GRM resonator design.     

Laplacian Operators and Radon Transforms on Grassmann Graphs

Let Ω be a vector space over a finite field with q elements. Let G denote the general linear group of automorphisms of Ω and let us consider the left regular representation associated with the natural action of G on the set X of linear subspaces of Ω. In this paper we study a natural basis B of the algebra End_G(L ₂(X)) of intertwining maps on L ₂(X). By using a Laplacian operator on Grassmann graphs, we identify the kernels in B as solutions of a basic hypergeometric difference equation. This provides two expressions for these kernels. One in terms of the q-Hahn polynomials and the other by means of a Rodrigues type formula. Finally, we obtain a useful product formula for the mappings in B. We give two different proofs. One uses the theory of classical hypergeometric polynomials and the other is supported by a characterization of spherical functions in finite symmetric spaces. Both proofs require the use of certain associated Radon transforms.     

Self-inverse Sheffer sequences and Riordan involutions

In this short note, we focus on self-inverse Sheffer sequences and involutions in the Riordan group. We translate the results of Brown and Kuczma on self-inverse sequences of Sheffer polynomials to describe all involutions in the Riordan group.     

Auger electron emission in proton-induced interactions in living matter: A TILDA-V Monte Carlo tracking

The present work focuses on studying the contribution of the Auger electron emission in proton-induced interactions in biological matter. The Monte Carlo track-structure code, TILDA-V, was then used for modeling the protons beams of 10 keV to 100 MeV in biological matter, namely, water vapor and hydrated DNA. The main ionizing processes are described by means of an extensive set of ab initio differential and total cross sections computed within a quantum-mechanical CDW-EIS approximation.     

Network Dynamics in Elemental Assimilation and Metabolism

Metabolism and physiology frequently follow non-linear rhythmic patterns which are reflected in concepts of homeostasis and circadian rhythms, yet few biomarkers are studied as dynamical systems. For instance, healthy human development depends on the assimilation and metabolism of essential elements, often accompanied by exposures to non-essential elements which may be toxic. In this study, we applied laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to reconstruct longitudinal exposure profiles of essential and non-essential elements throughout prenatal and early post-natal development. We applied cross-recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) to characterize dynamics involved in elemental integration, and to construct a graph-theory based analysis of elemental metabolism. Our findings show how exposure to lead, a well-characterized toxicant, perturbs the metabolism of essential elements. In particular, our findings indicate that high levels of lead exposure dysregulate global aspects of metabolic network connectivity. For example, the magnitude of each element’s degree was increased in children exposed to high lead levels. Similarly, high lead exposure yielded discrete effects on specific essential elements, particularly zinc and magnesium, which showed reduced network metrics compared to other elements. In sum, this approach presents a new, systems-based perspective on the dynamics involved in elemental metabolism during critical periods of human development.     

Asymptotic properties of two interacting maps

In this paper we consider a system whose state x changes to (x) if a perturbation occurs at the time t, for . Moreover, the state x changes to the new state (x) at time t, for . It is assumed that the number of perturbations in an interval (0, t) is a Poisson process. Here and are measurable maps from a measure space into itself. We give conditions for the existence of a stationary distribution of the system when the maps and commute, and we prove that any stationary distribution is an invariant measure of these maps.     

Canonical geometrically ruled surfaces

We prove the existence of canonical scrolls; that is, scrolls playing the role of canonical curves. First of all, they provide the geometrical version of Riemann Roch Theorem: any special scroll is the projection of a canonical scroll and they allow to understand the classification of special scrolls in P^N. Canonical scrolls correspond to the projective model of canonical geometrically ruled surfaces over a smooth curve. We also prove that the generic canonical scroll is projectively normal except in the hyperelliptic case and for very particular cases in the nonhyperelliptic situation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Exponential stability of simultaneously triangularizable switched systems with explicit calculation of a common Lyapunov function

In this note, a common quadratic Lyapunov function is explicitly calculated for a linear hybrid system described by a family of simultaneously triangularizable matrices. The explicit construction of such a function allows not only obtaining an estimate of the convergence rate of the exponential stability of the switched system under arbitrary switching but also calculating an upper bound for the output during its transient response. Furthermore, the presented result is then extended to the case where the system is affected by parametric uncertainty, providing the corresponding results in terms of the nominal matrices and uncertainty bounds.     

Chaotic dynamic and control for micro-electro-mechanical systems of massive storage with harmonic base excitation

This paper explores chaotic behaviour and control of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), which consist of thousands of small read/write probe tips that access gigabytes of data stored in a non-volatile magnetic surface. The model of the system is formed by two masses connected by a nonlinear spring and a viscous damping. The paper shows that, by means of an adequate feedback law, the masses can behave as two coupled Duffing’s oscillators, which may reach chaotic behaviour when harmonic forces are applied. The chaotic motion is destroyed by applying the following control strategies: (i) static output feedback control law with constant forces and (ii) geometric nonlinear control. The aim is to drive the masses to a set point even with harmonic base excitation, by using chaotic dynamics and nonlinear control. The paper shows that it is possible to obtain a positioning time around a few ms with sub-nanometre accuracy, velocities, accelerations and forces, as it appears in the design of present MEMS devices. Numerical simulations are used to verify the mathematical discussions.