An efficient regioselective sonochemical synthesis of novel 4-aryl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6(7H)-ones

An efficient ultrasound-assisted preparation of a series of novel 4-aryl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-l//-pyrazolo[34-b]pyridin-6(7H)ones via the reaction of 5-amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole,Meldrum’s acid and various arylaldehydes using one-pot three-component approach is described.This rapid method produced the products in short reaction times(3-4 min) and excellent yields(87-95%).     

Microwave-mediated synthesis and manipulation of a 2-substituted-5-aminooxazole-4-carbonitrile library

A 2-substituted-5-aminooxazole-4-carbonitrile library has been synthesised and modified via microwave-mediated and flow chemistries. One synthesised compound, 5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-(thien-2-yl)oxazole, contains three distinct heterocycles attached to the central oxazole core, highlighting the structural diversity of this approach. Three oxazoles had micromolar k_i values against cannabinoid (CB1/CB2) receptors.     

A convenient synthesis of novel 5-arylidene-2-imino-4-thiazolidinones using base supported ionic liquid-like phase (SILLP) as efficient green catalyst

A facile and convenient protocol was developed for the synthesis of 5-arylidene-2-imino-4-thiazolidinones using solid basic catalyst immobilized onto supported ionic liquid-like phase (SILLP) in high yields (80?C95%). The X-ray analysis of the representative compound established the Z configuration of the product at the chiral axis.     

Hydroelastic analysis of water impact of flexible asymmetric wedge with an oblique speed

Current paper deals with hydroelastic impact of asymmetric and symmetric wedge sections with oblique speed into calm water. It is aimed to provide a better insight regarding fluid–structure interaction of the wedge sections of a high-speed craft into water in more realistic condition, in the presence of heel angle and oblique speeds. The defined problem is numerically investigated by coupled Finite Volume Method and Finite Element Method under two-way approach consideration. Accuracy of the proposed model is assessed in different steps. The results of current method are compared against previous experimental, numerical and theoretical methods and good agreement is displayed in these comparisons. Subsequently, the method is used in order to examine the fluid and structure behavior during the elastic impact of the wedge into water. Accordingly, four different physical situations are simulated. In the first part, symmetric impact with no oblique speed is simulated. The results of this part show fluctuations in vertical force and pressure of the midpoint during the impact time. Also, the relation of deadrise with deflection and pressure is observed in this part. In the second part, heel angle is also taken into consideration. It is concluded that the pressure and deflections at the right side of the wedge reduce, but these parameters increase at the left side. Moreover, it is observed that, the pressure at the midpoint of the left side of the wedge with deadrise angle of 10°, becomes negative, when the wall of the flexible wedge reaches its largest deflection. It is also observed that, the pressure at left side of the wedge with deadrise angle of 20°, reaches zero. Such behavior does not occur for the wedges of 30° and 45° deadrise angles. In the third part of simulations, oblique water entry of a flexible wedge of 20° deadrise angle is simulated, and no heel angle is considered. Harmonic behavior is observed for the vertical force, horizontal force, pressure of the midpoint and its deflection. First peaks of all of these variables are larger than the second peak. The obtained results lead us to conclude that an increase in oblique speed yields larger deflection and pressure at the right side. Meanwhile, no significant effect is observed for the left side of the wedge. Also, larger oblique speed is found to yield larger forces and angular moment. Final part of simulations involves the oblique water entry of a flexible wedge of 5° heel angle. Comparison of the results in the final part with that of third part, show that heel angle affects the pressure and deflection at both sides of the wedge. It is also observed that pressure and deflections of the left side increase, while those of right side increase. It is also seen that, similar as in the case of no heel angle, an increase in oblique speed leads to an increase of pressure and deflection at the starboard. It also leads to an increase in frequency of the vibration at right side.     

An efficient ultrasound-promoted synthesis of the Baylis–Hillman adducts catalyzed by imidazole and l-proline

A convenient protocol was developed for the synthesis of the Baylis–Hillman adducts in the presence of weak Lewis base and l-proline at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation. This method provided the products in good to high yields (65–90%) and reasonable reaction times.     

Enhancement of Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO2 by Supporting on Clinoptilolite in the Decolorization of Azo Dye Direct Yellow 12 Aqueous Solutions

Structure and physico‐chemical properties of a photocatalyst, especially surface area and absorption ability, were correlated to catalytic activities in photodegradation of dye pollutants in water. In this investigation photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Direct yellow 12 (Chrysophenine G) in water was studied. Titanium(IV) oxide was supported on Clinoptilolite (CP) (Iranian Natural Zeolite) using solid‐state dispersion (SSD) method. The results show that the TiO₂/Clinoptilolite (SSD) is an active photocatalyst. The maximum effect of photo degradation was observed at 10 wt.% TiO₂, 90 wt.% Clinoptilolite. A first order reaction with k = 0.0108 min^?1 was observed. The effects of some parameters such as pH, amount of photocatalyst, initial concentration of dye were examined.     

Analysis of functionally graded thick truncated cone with finite length under hydrostatic internal pressure

Finite Element Method based on Rayleigh–Ritz energy formulation is applied to obtain the elastic behavior of functionally graded thick truncated cone. The cone has finite length, and it is subjected to axisymmetric hydrostatic internal pressure. The inner surface of the cone is pure ceramic and the outer surface is pure metal, and the material composition varying continuously along its thickness. Using this method, the effects of semi-vertex angle of the cone and the power law exponent on distribution of different types of displacements and stresses are considered.