Constrained modeling for spectroscopic measurement of bi-exponential spin-lattice relaxation of water in vivo

The (1)H NMR water signal from spectroscopic voxels localized in gray matter contains contributions from tissue and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). A typically weak CSF signal at short echo times makes separating the tissue and CSF spin-lattice relaxation times (T(1)) difficult, often yielding poor precision in a bi-exponential relaxation model. Simulations show that reducing the variables in the T(1) model by using known signal intensity values significantly improves the precision of the T(1) measurement. The method was validated on studies on eight healthy subjects (four males and four females, mean age 21 +/- 2 years) through a total of twenty-four spectroscopic relaxation studies. Each study included both T(1) and spin-spin relaxation (T(2)) experiments. All volumes were localized along the Sylvian fissure using a stimulated echo localization technique with a mixing time of 10 ms. The T(2) experiment consisted of 16 stimulated echo acquisitions ranging from a minimum echo time (TE) of 20 ms to a maximum of 1000 ms, with a repetition time of 12 s. All T(1) experiments consisted of 16 stimulated echo acquisition, using a homospoil saturation recovery technique with a minimum recovery time of 50 ms and a maximum 12 s. The results of the T(2) measurements provided the signal intensity values used in the bi-exponential T(1) model. The mean T(1) values when the signal intensities were constrained by the T(2) results were 1055.4 ms +/- 7.4% for tissue and 5393.5 ms +/- 59% for CSF. When the signal intensities remained free variables in the model, the mean T(1) values were 1085 ms +/- 19.4% and 5038.8 ms +/- 113.0% for tissue and CSF, respectively. The resulting improvement in precision allows the water tissue T(1) value to be included in the spectroscopic characterization of brain tissue.     

苯胺甲基键合固定相的合成和色谱性能

多环芳烃;色谱法;苯胺甲基键合固定相的合成和色谱性能     

用C60键合硅胶固定相液相色谱分离杯芳烃及杯芳冠醚类化合物

以自合成的C60 键合硅胶液相色谱固定相 ,分别选用3种不同选择性的流动相体系 :异丙醇 -环己烷 ,氯仿 -环己烷和二氯甲烷 -环己烷 ,考察了流动相组成对杯芳烃及杯芳冠醚化合物保留行为和分离选择性的影响。在一定的流动相条件下溶质能得到较好分离。     

光活性[1]1-联萘酚(BINOL)的不对称合成

由于 1 ,1 -联萘酚 ( BINOL)可作为手性配体或手性催化剂的前体 ,在不对称合成反应中具有广泛的应用 [1,2 ] ,所以如何得到光学纯的 BINOL的研究吸引了许多化学家的注意 .制备光学活性的 BINOL的方法较多 ,但一般效果较好的是用拆分的方法[3,4] .通过 2 -萘酚不对称氧化偶联直接得到 BINOL的方法也有许多报道 [5 ,6 ] ,但结果都不理想 .近来 ,Kocovsky等 [7]用鹰爪金碱作为手性诱导试剂 ,在Cu Cl2 存在下 ,2 -萘酚偶联得 BINOL,其 ee值为 1 0 0 % ,但产率只有 1 4% ,且由于鹰爪金碱价格昂贵 ,限制了该法的应用 .在此基础上 ,我…     

锆镁磷脂膜色谱固定相的制备及其在评价药物-膜相互作用中的应用

基于锆基质与磷脂之间强烈的路易斯酸碱作用,制备了锆镁磷脂膜色谱固定相,并使用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱对该色谱固定相进行了表征;使用与体内环境类似的生理缓冲液体系为流动相,评价了该模拟生物膜色谱固定相预测药物膜渗透性的能力,结果表明药物在锆镁磷脂膜色谱中的保留(log Kmbm)与表观渗透率(log Papp)在预测药物的膜渗透性、跨膜吸收等方面具有非常好的相关性,相关系数为0.970,斜率接近1。通过理论推导,引入了直观、方便的热力学指标吉布斯自由能差值（Δ(ΔG°)）对药物-膜之间的相互作用强弱进行了评价。     

脱叔丁基杯[8]芳烃键合固定相的制备及其液相色谱性能

杯芳烃(Cahixarenes)是一类由苯酚单元经亚甲基相连而成的大环化合物,与β-环糊精类似,它能与多种溶质形成主客体包容配合物,并通过超分子作用识别离子和中性分子等客体,利用杯芳烃的分子识别作用可提高色谱分离性能,Glennon等制备了酯化杯[4,6]芳烃键合固定相,     

频率自适应最优权重阵列干涉条纹处理技术

考虑长基线水平阵列波束形成对声场模态呈现的滤波特征,建立了一种随频率改变滤波通带的阵列权矢量设计方法。基于简正波理论,结合声场波束形成特点,在分析了常规波束形成信号LOFAR谱图干涉条纹的清晰度和条纹结构不同于单水听器输出信号条纹现象基础上,采用线性等式约束的二次优化模型,给出了一种频率自适应的最优权重估计。数值仿真验证和试验数据分析表明,利用该方法设计的最优权重阵列波束处理,可以滤波出SRBR(Surface-Reflected Bottom-Reflected)或N-SRBR(Non-Surface-Reflected Bottom-Reflected)模态组成的波束形成信号,信号谱图干涉条纹斜率与理论分析基本一致。     

光声喇曼光谱的理论分析

对光声喇曼光谱(PARS)作了系统的理论分析,分别导出固体和液体介质中的光声喇曼光谱的信号表达式,并进行了数值估算。 关键词：     

REFLECTIVE INFRARED ELLIPSOMETRY OF PLASTIC FILMS

High resolution reflective ellipsometry is used to study freely suspended plastic films. We determine room temperature optical constants in the infrared for a variety of plastics using ellipsometry. The films are typically 6 to 100 μm thick and measurements are performed from near infrared to long wave-IR. The setup includes modeling software to fit the ellipsometric data to a generalized oscillator model. The films studied include acrylics, fluoropolymers, and variations of polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) among others. We are able to determine in-plane and out-of-plane optical constants. Transmission spectra from FTIR measurements are plotted and compared with ellipsometry results.