生物质裂解产物的制备及HPLC检测其成分的虚拟仿真实验开发

In order to improve university laboratory teaching and practical education under the background of information technology, as well as overcome the difficulty for practical training, develop a virtual simulation experiment platform for rapid pyrolysis of natal materials and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) detection of its components. The experiment integrates the actual operation process of the plant to produce cleaved products by rapid pyrolysis of biomass with HPLC detection. The virtual experiment is divided into biomass sample pretreatment, rapid biomass pyrolysis, bio-oil extraction, and HPLC determination of complex components, making the biomass cleavage workshop "real" through simulation. This virtual simulation experiment fully integrates the utilization of biomass resources and basic chemistry courses (such as organic chemistry, instrumental analysis, chemical engineering principles, etc.), which are widely involved in agricultural and forestry majors with advantageous characteristics value.     

Kinetic study of the oxidation of isobutyraldehyde by aqueous chlorine

The kinetics of oxidation of isobutyraldehyde with aqueous chlorine has been investigated in 11.6 vol. % aqueous acetic acid. The reaction is first order with respect to both substrate and chlorine. Molecular chlorine is the principal oxidant. The influence of various factors, e.g. ionic strength, inorganic salts, D₂O and temperature on the initial rate has been studied. The activation parameters have been calculated and a possible mechanism is suggested.

---

11,6% . , . . ( , , D₂O) . .

     

The use of ion-molecule reactions in the mass spectrometric location of double bonds

A method for the location of the positions of carbon-carbon double bonds using high pressure mass spectrometry is proposed. A known olefinic molecular ion reacts with a second, unknown olefin to form a four-centre complex, which fragments with retention of the structural identity of methylene and substituted methylene groups to eliminate a new olefin molecule and to form an unsaturated ion from which the position of the double bond in the unknown olefin can be inferred. Vinyl methyl ether proved to be a convenient reagent gas and its molecular ion undergoes the required reaction with several classes of olefinic compound. Conjugated dienes and unsaturated compounds containing electronegative groups do not undergo this reaction.     

Synthesis and binding studies of new bis-calix[4]arenes containing aromatic and heteroaromatic units

A series of new bis-calix[4]arenes containing different aromatic and heteroaromatic moieties have been synthesized. The complexing behavior of these bis-calix[4]arenes have been studied towards different metal ions and it has been found that these bis-calix[4]arenes bind silver ions selectively over other metal ions. The complexation has been studied by liquid-liquid extraction and by NMR and IR spectroscopy.     

Templated ceramic microstructures by using the breath-figure method

We describe the synthesis of two cyclobutadiene(cyclopentadienyl)cobalt-containing poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) and their use as precursors for stable ceramic surface coatings. Organometallic PPEs were shaped into hexagonally ordered assemblies by using the breath-figure method. Such breath figures can be washed away with an appropriate solvent. Upon pyrolysis at 500 degrees C under either nitrogen or air, the bubble arrays persist as ceramics and are insoluble in organic solvents or water. The formed pyrolyzed bubble arrays were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, as well as energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The composition of the ceramic materials is discussed based on EDX and IR data.     

Kinetics of polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by the Mn3+-thioacetamide redox system

Kinetics of the polymerization of acrylonitrile has been investigated in aqueous sulfuric acid in a temperature range of 25–45°C. The rate of polymerization (R_p) and the rate of managanic ion disappearance, etc., have been measured. The effect of the various additives, such as water-miscible organic solvents, neutral electrolytes, complexing agents, and surfactants, on the rate has been thoroughly studied. A mechanism that involves the initial complex formation between the thiol form of the thioamide and Mn³⁺, whose decomposition yields the initiating free radical with the polymer chain terminated by mutual combination of growing radicals, has been suggested.     

Capturing a metastable chiral polymorph of an achiral molecule--hexa-O-benzoyl-myo-inositol

myo-Inositol hexabenzoate having meso configuration produces chiral polymorph (form I) when crystallized rapidly but yields achiral polymorph (form II) when allowed to crystallize slowly; in the mother liquor form I slowly but completely disappears to give form II.     

Investigation of the reactions of fluorinated isatins and N-acetylisatins with thiocarbohydrazide: Synthesis of a novel spiro system: 2-oxo-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydrospiro[3H-indole-3,3′-1,2,4,5-tetrazine]-6′-thione

A novel system 2-oxo-1′,2′,4′,5′-tetrahydrospiro[3H-indole-3,3′-1,2,4,5-tetrazine]-6′-thione has been synthesized by the treatment of fluorinated isatins with thiocarbohydrazide in aqueous ethanolic medium. Under exactly similar conditions, N-acetylisatin gave exclusively thiocarbohydrazone. The spiro product, on treatment with acetic acid, gave fluorinated isoindigo. Characterization of these products have been done by elemental analyses, ir, pmr and mass spectral studies.     

4-t-Butylphenoxo complexes of oxovanadium(V)

Summary Complexes of composition [VOCl₂(OC₆H₄Bu-t-4)] (1) and [VOCl(OC₆H₄Bu-t-4)₂] (2) have been synthesized by the reaction of VOCl₃ with equimolar and bimolar amounts, respectively, of 4-t-BuC₆H₄OSiMe₃ in CCl₄ and characterized by physio-chemical techniques. The complexes react with -hydroxyaldehydes and ketones such as 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (salicylaldehyde, salH), and 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone (benzoin, benzH), 2-hydroxyacetophenone (hapH) and also with the potassium salt of p-chlorobenzohydroxamic acid (KBHACl) in 11 and 12 molar ratios, to yield five- and six-coordinate complexes.     

Trivalent atom contribution on solid-solid transformation of Ga13 polycation intercalated clay into sodalite investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Solid-solid transformation mechanism of Ga Keggin-type ion intercalated clay into sodalite has been clarified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-rayabsorption spectroscopy (XAS). To follow the structural evolution precisely by XANES and EXAFS, the XAS active element containing polycation [Ga13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ was intercalated into montmorillonite (MMT). FT-IR and XAS spectra confirm that the formation of sodalite framework is initiated by the delocalized rearrangement between silicate networks and collapsed interlayered Ga species, and is followed by the incorporation of Al in the octahedral sheet of clay (MMT). According to the XAS studies, it is found that the formation of Ga(Al)-O-Si species is strongly influenced by the trivalent cations, which are rapidly changed in the environment, followed by reaction with the silicate network of clay during the solid-solid transformation.