A study of fluorescence properties of citrinin in β-cyclodextrin aqueous solution and different solvents

Citrinin (CIT) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin initially isolated from filamentous fungus Penicilliu citrinum. It was later isolated from several other species, such as Aspergillus and Monascus. It has a conjugated, planar structure that gives it a natural fluorescence ability, which can be used to develop sensitive methods for detecting CIT in food. In this paper, we used the spectro?uorescence technique to study the effects of pH value, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and organic solvents on the CIT fluorescence intensity. The results show that lower pH value, aceitc acid, β-CD and acetonitrile can induce a higher fluorescence intensity of CIT, but methanol or H₂O has a decreasing effect on the fluorescence intensity of CIT. Findings in this study provide a theoretical basis for development of a high sensitivity fluorescence-based trace analysis for CIT detection.     

相空间中离散完整系统的Noether对称性和Mei对称性

研究相空间中离散完整系统的Noether对称性、Mei对称性及其导致的守恒量.利用差分离散变分方法,给出相空间中离散完整系统的差分离散变分原理,建立系统的离散正则方程和能量演化方程;给出系统Noether对称性和Mei对称性的判定条件,得到系统离散形式的Noether守恒量和Mei守恒量及其存在的条件.举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 相空间 离散完整系统 对称性 守恒量     

新型的覆纳米粒子薄膜阴极的研究

采用直流磁控溅射的方法制备出Ir金属纳米粒子薄膜.利用扫描电子显微镜分析了纳米粒子的形态和分布以及不同工艺条件对粒子粒径及形貌的影响,表明纳米粒子的大小可通过调节溅射气体压强来控制.在25%孔度的W海绵基体内浸入6∶1∶2铝酸盐发射物质,然后在其表面沉积上厚度为200—500 nm的纳米粒子薄膜层,最后在H₂气中1200℃烧结,即制成了新型纳米粒子薄膜阴极.利用阴极发射微观均匀性测试仪对纳米粒子薄膜阴极和传统覆膜阴极的热电子发射的均匀性进行了对比研究.采用飞行时间质谱仪测试了真空本底、纳米粒子薄膜阴极、传统覆膜阴极等各种阴极蒸发物的成分,研究了阴极蒸发速率与阴极温度的关系,比较了不同阴极蒸发速率的大小.研究了Ba-W阴极覆上纳米粒子薄膜后的发射特性. 关键词： 纳米粒子薄膜 热阴极 发射均匀性 蒸发     

铁磁绝缘层对正常金属/铁磁绝缘层/正常金属/p波超导结隧道谱的影响

在正常金属/铁磁绝缘层/正常金属/自旋三重态p波超导隧道结中,考虑到铁磁绝缘层的磁散射和粗糙界面散射,运用Bogoliubov-de Gennes(BdG)方程和Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk(BTK)理论模型,研究了铁磁绝缘层对隧道结微分电导的影响.研究表明:(1)对于px波,粗糙界面散射和磁散射都能使零偏压电导峰变低,能隙处凹陷升高;随着磁散射的增强,谱线的尖锐峰消失,宽峰逐渐变为凹陷;(2)对于py波,粗糙界面散射和磁散射都能使零能凹陷上移,能隙峰变低,随着粗糙界面散射的增强,两能隙峰间距减小;随着中间正常金属层厚度的增加,能隙内电导随外加偏压呈现振荡行为,能隙外电导仅与普通势垒有关;(3)对于px+ipy波,随着粗糙界面散射的增强,零偏压电导峰被压低,双凹陷处的值逐渐增大为小的能隙峰,而磁散射并不改变谱线中各凹陷处的电导值.     

Preparation of microporous activated carbon and its electrochemical performance for electric double layer capacitor

Microporous activated carbons were prepared by microwave heating petroleum coke with potassium hydroxide as activation agent. Microporous activated carbons were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. Electrochemical properties of an electric double layer capacitor using microporous activated carbon as electrode materials were investigated by constant current charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques. The results show that the specific surface area and the pore volume of microporous activated carbon increase with increasing activation time before the activation time reaches 37 min. The microporous volume totals 94.0% in the microporous activated carbons and the average pore diameter of microporous activated carbon is 2.00 nm. Microporous activated carbons prepared in the activation time of 31, 35 and 37 min are named as AC-31, AC-35 and AC-37, respectively. Compared with AC-27 electrode, the internal resistance for ions transferring in AC-31, AC-35 or AC-37 electrode is relatively small. The specific capacitance of AC-31 is the biggest among the microporous activated carbons, and it retains 279.6 F g^?1 maintaining 93.5% capacity after 200 recycling number.     

The detection of HBV DNA with gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticle gene probes

Gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticle Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA probes were prepared, and their application for HBV DNA measurement was studied. Gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the citrate reduction of tetra-chloroauric acid in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles which were added as seeds. With a fluorescence-based method, the maximal surface coverage of hexaethiol 30-mer oligonucleotides and the maximal percentage of hybridization strands on gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were (120 ± 8) oligonucleotides per nanoparticle, and (14 ± 2%), respectively, which were comparable with those of (132 ± 10) and (22 ± 3%) in Au nanoparticle groups. Large network aggregates were formed when gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticle HBV DNA gene probe was applied to detect HBV DNA molecules as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and the high specificity was verified by blot hybridization. Our results further suggested that detecting DNA with iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic separator was feasible and might be an alternative effective method.     

Formation mechanism of ethanol-water excimer

The fluorescent spectrum and the excitation spectrum were used to present the cluster molecular structure feature in ethanol-water solutions.Through analyzing the fluorescent characteristics of an excimer,it is proposed that the excimers are formed between the ethanol-water cluster molecules in the excited state and in the ground state.The fluorescent lifetime and the fluorescent intensity decay process give information about the photo-physical and photo-chemical processes of the formation and the dissociation of an excimer.The theoretical calculation and physical analysis coincide with the experimental results.The preliminary conclusion about the structure feature of ethanol-water cluster molecule is that it has a planar one like a sandwich.     

Enhancement and broadening of extreme-ultraviolet supercontinuum in a relative phase controlled two-color laser field

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) supercontinuum in argon with a two-color laser field consisting of an intense 7 fs pulse at 800 nm and a relatively weak 37 fs pulse at 400 nm. By controlling the relative time delay between the two laser pulses, we observe enhanced high-order harmonic generation as well as spectral broadening of the supercontinuum. A method to produce isolated attosecond pulses with variable width and intensity is proposed.     

KDP晶体固-液界面吸附行为的分子模拟研究

通过构建晶体表面-KDP分子界面吸附结构模型, 采用分子动力学和密度泛函计算方法研究KDP分子在(001)和(010)面吸附的物理化学过程, 考察了温度对物理吸附行为的影响. 研究表明: KDP晶体表面的吸附过程和生长习性主要由化学吸附主导, 化学吸附能的计算表明[K-O₈]基元在(001)界面的结合能是(010)界面结合能的2.86倍; 在饱和温度附近, [H₂PO₄]^-阴离子在KDP界面的物理结合能随温度的变化呈现振荡特征, 溶液中有较多的离子团簇形成, 溶液变得很不稳定; 当温度从323 K降低至308 K时, 水分子在界面的结合能总体呈下降趋势, 而KDP分子在界面的吸附能总体呈上升趋势, 脱水过程是水分子和[H₂PO₄]^-阴离子在固液界面边界层竞争吸附的结果. 研究结果对确足晶体生长界面动力学过程发展和完善晶体生长理论有重要意义. 关键词： 分子动力学 双层结构模型 结合能