Behavior strategies,mixed strategies and perfect recall

When perfect recall is not satisfied, the informational contents of mixed and behavior strategies differ and are more than what the information partition describes. First, we consider two kinds of additional information strategies may carry, and show that such information leads to theperfect recall refinement of a given information partition. This does not, however, imply that the strategies compensate fully for the lack of perfect recall. We give a necessary and sufficient condition on an information partition, calledA-loss, for the informational content of mixed strategies to fully compensate for the lack of perfect recall. The informational content of behavior strategies never fully compensates.     

Fluorometric analysis of urinary chondroitin sulfate isomers by HPLC using dansylhydrazine as a prelabeling reagent

Chondroitin sulfate isomers (ChS isomers) were digested with chondroitinase ABC, and the unsaturated disaccharides produced were converted into fluorescent dansylhydrazine derivatives and analyzed by HPLC. The proposed method was applied to the determination of relative amounts of ChS isomers in normal human urine and analytical results showed that chondroitin-6-sulfate and chondroitin-4-sulfate were excreted in large amounts. Moreover, this method was used for the identification of urinary ChS isomers which were extracted from a cellulose acetate strip after carrying out electrophoresis.     

Preferential Alignment of Hydroxyapatite Crystallites in Nanocomposites with Chemically Disintegrated Silk Fibroin

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals were prepared at room temperature by a coprecipitation method from Ca(OH)₂ and H₃PO₄, in the presence of chemically disintegrated silk fibroin (SF). Adsorbed amounts of cations on SF and crystallinity of HAp in the composite were increased by the chemical disintegration of SF higher order structure. Preferential alignment of c-axis of HAp crystallites along the longitudinal direction of ca. 150nm SF fibril was observed. These changes due to disintegration of SF were discussed in terms of the chemical interaction between HAp and SF. The resulted composite with preferential alignment of HAp nanocrystals is a good candidate as a starting material for bone substitutes.     

Synthesis of well‐defined polymers end‐functionalized with crosslinkable aziridine groups by living anionic polymerization

Well‐defined end‐functionalized polystyrene, poly(α‐methylstyrene), and polyisoprene with polymerizable aziridine groups were synthesized by the termination reactions of the anionic living polymers of styrene, α‐methylstyrene, and isoprene with 1‐[2‐(4‐chlorobutoxy)ethyl]aziridine in tetrahydrofuran at ?78 °C. The resulting polymers possessed the predicted molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight < 1.1) as well as aziridine terminal moieties. The cationic ring‐opening polymerization of the ω‐monofunctionalized polystyrene having an aziridinyl group with Et₃OBF₄ gave the polymacromonomer, whereas the α,ω‐difunctional polystyrene underwent crosslinking reactions to afford an insoluble gel. Crosslinking products were similarly obtained by the reaction of the α,ω‐diaziridinyl polystyrene with poly(acrylic acid)‐co‐poly(butyl acrylate). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4126–4135, 2005     

Finding of Optimal Calcium Ion Probes for Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement

We have investigated the fluorescence lifetime properties of 8 calcium ion probes, calcium-green-1, calcium green-2, calcium green-5N, calcium orange, oregon green 488 BAPTA-6F, fluo-3, fluo-4, and fluo-5N. We found that the decay time of calcium green-5N varied more sensitively with calcium concentration than calcium green-1 which was known to be a highly sensitive probe. We have also found that the center of observable range of calcium concentration by fluorescence lifetime measurement is lower than that by fluorescence intensity measurement.     

Structures of xestospongin A,B,C and D,novel vasodilativecompounds from marine sponge, xestospongiaexigua

Xestospongin A,B,C and D represent a new class of macrocyclic 1-oxaquinolizidines, have been isolated from Australian sponge $\text{Xestospongia}$$\text{exigua}$. The structure of xestospongin C has been determined by X-ray analysis.