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71.
Takashi Ishida Mamoru Shoji Yoshiyuki Miyabata Yasumasa Shibata Eiji Ohno Shunji Ohaira 《Optical Review》1994,1(2):183-187
A high density mark edge recording method on a phase change rewritable disk is reported. A carrier-to-noise ratio of 55 dB for a mark length of 0.55,μm is obtained by using a 680 nm, NA 0.6 head and a phase change rewritable disk. In mark edge recording, it is necessary to record each mark in correct length. A new laser power modulation pattern is proposed. This pattern consists of a first-pulse, a multi-pulse chain and a last-pulse. Both positions of the first-ptilse and the last-pulse are movable. By adjusting these positions, a jitter, σ/Tw (Tw is window margin), is improved to 6.5% in high density EFM (Eight to Fourteen Modulation) recording of 0.4 μm/bit. 相似文献
72.
Jin Akiyama Hiroshi Era Severino V. Gervacio Mamoru Watanabe 《Journal of Graph Theory》1989,13(5):571-573
Let the finite, simple, undirected graph G = (V(G), E(G)) be vertex-colored. Denote the distinct colors by 1,2,…,c. Let Vi be the set of all vertices colored j and let <Vi be the subgraph of G induced by Vi. The k-path chromatic number of G, denoted by χ(G; Pk), is the least number c of distinct colors with which V(G) can be colored such that each connected component of Vi is a path of order at most k, 1 ? i ? c. We obtain upper bounds for χ(G; Pk) and χ(G; P∞) for regular, planar, and outerplanar graphs. 相似文献
73.
74.
The effects of the homogeneity of precursor non-crystalline Pb---Ti---O gels on their transformation to crystalline PbTiO3 were studied. Hydrous gels were prepared via two different routes, i.e., (i) mixing two unitary sols (MS), and (ii) co-precipitation (CP). Mechanical pretreatment was also carried out, primarily for the purpose of homogenization. The local homogeneity was evaluated by elementary microanalysis using a transmission electron microscope. The process of ball-milling the MS gel for 3 h improved its homogeneity only slightly. However, the homogeneity of the ball-milled MS gel suddenly increased to that of the CP gel on subsequent heating to a temperature as low as 483 K. This type of thermal homogenization was not observed for the unground MS gel. The evaporation of lead monoxide on further heating to 1023 K was also suppressed by preliminary ball-milling. All these results suggest that the ionic migration and the formation of Pb---O---Ti bonds in the gels take place during the mechanical activation with the aid of OH groups. 相似文献
75.
76.
Mamoru Tobisu Toshifumi Morioka Akimichi Ohtsuki Naoto Chatani 《Chemical science》2015,6(6):3410-3414
The reductive cleavage of the C–O bonds of aryl ethers has great potential in organic synthesis. Although several catalysts that can promote the reductive cleavage of aryl ethers have been reported, all such systems require the use of an external reductant, e.g., hydrosilane or hydrogen. Here, we report the development of a new nickel-based catalytic system that can cleave the C–O bonds of ethers in the absence of an external reductant. The hydrogen atom required in this new reductive cleavage reaction is provided by the alkoxy group of the substrate, which serves as an internal reductant. The absence of an external reductant enables the unique chemoselectivity, i.e., the selective reduction of an alkoxy group over alkenes and ketones. 相似文献
77.
Total Synthesis of cis‐Clavicipitic Acid from Asparagine via Ir‐Catalyzed CH bond Activation as a Key Step
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Yu‐ki Tahara Mamoru Ito Dr. Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva Prof. Dr. Takanori Shibata 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(32):11340-11343
4‐Substituted tryptophan derivatives and the total synthesis of cis‐clavicipitic acid were achieved in reactions in which Ir‐catalyzed C?H bond activation was a key step. The starting material for these reactions is asparagine, which is a cheap natural amino acid. The reductive amination step from the 4‐substituted tryptophan derivative gave cis‐clavicipitic acid with perfect diastereoselectivity. 相似文献
78.
We synthesized the glutaraldehyde cross-linked hydrogels using four kinds of poly(lysine)s (PLs) and measured the equilibrium swelling ratio (Q) as a function of pH. Also measured was the temperature change of Q at a fixed pH (11.6) in the absence and presence of additives (LiBr, methanol and urea) that affect the secondary structure of PLs. The swelling data were examined using a force balance approach in which the repulsive and attractive interactions among the cross-linked PL chains were considered based on the conformational properties of PLs in aqueous solutions. It was found that the formation of the helical segments in the cross-linked chain has little effect in the gel collapse, but their association acts as the attractive interaction causing the gel to shrink. The formation of the beta-sheet structure within the network also acts as the attractive interaction. These attractive interactions are mainly due to the hydrogen bonding, but hydrophobic interactions between the lysine side chains should be considered. In addition, in the swelling behavior of all the PL gels the polyampholyte nature appears due to electrostatic interactions of the basic groups with the C-terminal carboxyl group. 相似文献
79.
Mamoru Fujitsuka Hisashi Shimakoshi Yoshio Hisaeda Tetsuro Majima 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》2011,217(1):242-248
The internal reorganization energy (λV) of photoinduced electron transfer (ET) in the supramolecular donor–acceptor dyads of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphinatozinc(II) (ZnOEP) and electron acceptor ligands was compared with those of structural isomers, 2,3,7,8,11,12,17,18-octaethylhemiporphycenatozinc(II) (ZnHPc) and 2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17-octaethylporphycenatozinc(II) (ZnPcn). First, ET process of the supramolecular donor–acceptor dyads of ZnOEP was investigated by means of the transient absorption spectroscopy mainly. The formation of supramolecular dyads was confirmed by absorption spectral change, from which the association constant was estimated. The ET process was confirmed by the observation of radical cation of ZnOEP during the laser flash photolysis. The ET rates of these dyads are in the order of ZnOEP > ZnHPc > ZnPcn, when the driving forces for ET are similar to each other. From the free energy dependence of ET rates, the λV values of OEP and its isomers were estimated. The estimated λV value was in the order of ZnOEP < ZnHPc < ZnPcn. This tendency was reproduced by calculation at B3LYP/6-31G(d) and BHandHLYP/6-31G(d) levels. The origin of this tendency was discussed on the basis of the structural change during the ET process. 相似文献
80.
We have proposed a method to control the three-dimensional electric field in the focus of an optical microscope using two non-twisted liquid crystal spatial light modulators, and to detect the molecular orientation of a single molecule. The three-dimensional electric field is generated by focusing the beam with two dimensional spatial distribution of polarization. The possibility of detection of three-dimensional single molecular orientation was shown by numerical calculations. © 2005 The Optical Society of Japan 相似文献