High throughput synthesis of diverse 2,5-disubstituted indoles using titanium carbenoids bearing boronate functionality

A titanium benzylidene complex bearing a boronate group converted resin-bound esters into enol ethers. Suzuki cross-coupling with aryl iodides followed by cleavage with acid completed the solid-phase synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted N-Boc-indoles. Also reported is the use of tert-butyllithium and 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane to convert an aryl bromide into an arylboronate in the presence of a dithiane, with simultaneous reduction of an aryl azide to an amine.     

A frequency-locked, high power, X-band dielectric Cerenkovmaser

A high-power frequency-locked dielectric Cerenkov maser oscillator is presented. The device consists of an annular electron beam traveling down a dielectric-lined waveguide (wall radius 1.74 cm, liner thickness 2-3 mm, linear ∈=10). A 100 kW input signal is injected into the drift tube between the diode and liner, through a rectangular TE₁₀ to cylindrical TM₀₁ mode converter. When operated with a beam current of 500 A and a total output power of 13 MW, the device displays no RF quenching through the full width of the 100 ns beam pulse. Two higher current cases with power as high as 280 MW but severe RF quenching are presented. The results are compared with linear theory, and quenching mechanisms are discussed     

Electron heating in a submicron-size n GaAs wire

We have studied electron heating in a submicron-size GaAs wire from 4.2 K to 50 K. We find that the energy relaxation rate for the electrons is of the form τ_E⁻¹ = α + βT_eⁿ where α, β are constants and T_e is the electron temperature. We associate the temperature-independent term with a quasi-elastic surface scattering process in which an electron losses 1% of its energy at each collision. The temperature dependent term may be due to electron-phonon scattering. It is possible to fit the data to 2 < n < 3.     

Electrical characteristics of an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer

Current-voltage characteristics have been measured for an AEI ES200B X-ray photoelectron spectrometer with both conducting and insulating samples. With the conducting sample, the flux of secondary electrons falling on the specimen and probe amounts to approximately 20 percent of the photoelectron flux, over a wide range of irradiation conditions. The results for the insulating sample, taken in conjunction with subsidiary data from charging shifts, indicate that the secondary flux incident on the specimen alone exceeds 99 percent of the photoelectron flux.     

Exceptional points in atomic spectra

We report the existence of exceptional points for the hydrogen atom in crossed magnetic and electric fields in numerical calculations. The resonances of the system are investigated and it is shown how exceptional points can be found by exploiting characteristic properties of the degeneracies, which are branch point singularities. A possibility for the observation of exceptional points in an experiment with atoms is proposed.     

Use of harmonic inversion techniques in the periodic orbit quantization of integrable systems

Harmonic inversion has already been proven to be a powerful tool for the analysis of quantum spectra and the periodic orbit orbit quantization of chaotic systems. The harmonic inversion technique circumvents the convergence problems of the periodic orbit sum and the uncertainty principle of the usual Fourier analysis, thus yielding results of high resolution and high precision. Based on the close analogy between periodic orbit trace formulae for regular and chaotic systems the technique is generalized in this paper for the semiclassical quantization of integrable systems. Thus, harmonic inversion is shown to be a universal tool which can be applied to a wide range of physical systems. The method is further generalized in two directions: firstly, the periodic orbit quantization will be extended to include higher order corrections to the periodic orbit sum. Secondly, the use of cross-correlated periodic orbit sums allows us to significantly reduce the required number of orbits for semiclassical quantization, i.e., to improve the efficiency of the semiclassical method. As a representative of regular systems, we choose the circle billiard, whose periodic orbits and quantum eigenvalues can easily be obtained. Received 24 February 2000 and Received in final form 22 May 2000     

基于拉曼光谱的储层沥青热演化特征及其判别

为了明确储层沥青热演化程度与激光拉曼光谱的关系,利用拉曼光谱无损分析和流体包裹体方法,对黔西南白层地区储层沥青拉曼光谱进行了定量化描述,首先获取了储层沥青其伴生流体包裹体均一温度,然后获得了储层沥青拉曼光谱图,并对比标准沥青成熟度分布图,确定了储层沥青热演化程度及其特征.结果表明:黔西南白层地区存在晚三叠世(230 M...     

Electromagnetic properties of open and closed overmoded slow-waveresonators for interaction with relativistic electron beams

Specific slow wave structures are needed in order to produce coherent Cherenkov radiation in overmoded relativistic generators. The electromagnetic characteristics of such slow wave, resonant, finite length structures commonly used in relativistic backward wave oscillators have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. In experiments, perturbation techniques were used to study both the fundamental and higher order symmetric transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Finite length effects lead to end reflections and quantization of the wave number. The effects of end reflections in open slow wave structures were found from the spectral broadening of the discrete resonances of the different axial modes. The measured axial and radial field distributions are in excellent agreement with the results of a 2-D code developed for the calculation of the fields in these structures